Drawing on an ethnographic study of the installation and maintenance of Paris subway wayfinding system, this article attempts to discuss and specify previous claims that highlight stability and immutability as crucial aspects of material ordering processes. Though in designersʼ productions (guidelines, graphic manuals...), subway signs have been standardized and their consistency has been inves...

Inside air ventilation ducts of the confined space such as subway stations become contaminated by various contaminants and particular matters after long time operation. The accumulated various pollutants at inner duct surface easily transport and cause secondary air contamination and injure subway passengers’ respiratory system and health. In fact, only periodic duct cleaning works can improve ...

This study use noise and vibration analytical system to test and analyze the noise and vibration of subway station hall, draw the conclusion: analysis the noise test results when the vehicles through the subway station hall. The noise rises as the frequency increases, gets the peak value nearby 5000 Hz, the high of test point gives lesser influence to noise contribution. The vibration occurred ...

In the subway station fires, the most immediate threat to passengers’ life is not the direct exposure to fire, but the smoke inhalation because it contains hot air and toxic gases. Theoretical analysis and CFD simulations are applied to analyze the various possible ventilation model and obtain the optimization of ventilation mode in the subway station fires. According to the structure character...

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms among 6-7 and 13-14 year old school children in Tehran as a part of International study of Asthma and Allergies in childhood (ISAAC) phase III. The ISAAC written questionnaire was given to a total of 6127 students of 72 schools in urban area of Tehran. Simple random sampling was performed with a unif...

We present LOOM (Line-Ordering Optimized Maps), a fully automatic generator of geographically accurate transit maps. The input to LOOM is data about the lines of a given transit network, namely for each line, the sequence of stations it serves and the geographical course the vehicles of this line take. We parse this data from GTFS, the prevailing standard for public transit data. LOOM proceeds ...