For extremal charged black holes, the thermodynamic entropy is proportional not to the area but to the mass or charges. This is demonstrated here for dyonic extremal black hole solutions of string theory. It is pointed out that these solutions have zero classical action although the area is nonzero. By combining the general form of the entropy allowed by thermodynamics with recent observations ...

The entropy distribution of the intracluster gas reflects both accretion history of the gas and processes of feedback which provide a further non-gravitational energy besides the potential one. In this work, we study the profiles and the scaling properties of the gas entropy in 24 hot (kTgas > 6 keV) galaxy clusters observed with Chandra in the redshift range 0.14–0.82 and showing different sta...

We propose dual thermodynamics corresponding to black hole mechanics with the identifications E → A/4, S → M , and T ′ → T−1 in Planck units. Here A, M and T are the horizon area, mass and Hawking temperature of a black hole and E, S and T ′ are the energy, entropy and temperature of a corresponding dual quantum system. We show that, for a Schwarzschild black hole, the dual variables formally s...

Time-of-flight ~TOF! inelastic neutron-scattering spectra were measured on b-cerium ~double hcp! and g-cerium ~fcc! near the phase-transition temperature. Phonon densities of states ~DOS! and crystal-field levels were extracted from the TOF spectra. A softening of the phonon DOS occurs in the transition from bto g-cerium, accounting for an increase in vibrational entropy of DSvib 5(0.0960.05)kB...

We explore the consequences of a deterministic microscopic thermostat-reservoir contact mechanism. With different temperature reservoirs at each end of a two-dimensional system, a heat current is produced and the system has an anomalous thermal conductivity. The microscopic form for the local heat flux vector is derived and both the kinetic and potential contributions are calculated. The total ...

We review recent progress in understanding the entanglement entropy of gravitational configurations for anti-de Sitter gravity in two and three spacetime dimensions using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We derive simple expressions for the entanglement entropy of twoand three-dimensional black holes. In both cases, the leading term of the entanglement entropy in the large black hole mass expansion ...

A lattice-based model of a protein and the Monte Carlo simulation method are used to calculate the entropy loss of dimerization of the GCN4 leucine zipper. In the representation used, a protein is a sequence of interaction centers arranged on a cubic lattice, with effective interaction potentials that are both of physical and statistical nature. The Monte Carlo simulation method is then used to...

Effect of temperature-dependent viscosity on fully developed forced convection in a duct of rectangular cross-section occupied by a fluid-saturated porous medium is investigated analytically. The Darcy flow model is applied and the viscosity-temperature relation is assumed to be an inverse-linear one. The case of uniform heat flux on the walls, i.e. the H boundary condition in the terminology o...

We present a unified description of temperature and entropy in spaces with either “true” or “accelerated observer” horizons: In their (higher dimensional) global embedding Minkowski geometries, the relevant detectors have constant accelerations aG; associated with their Rindler horizons are temperature aG/2π and entropy equal to 1/4 the horizon area. Both quantities agree with those calculated ...

the ion-pair association constant values, related to the reaction +  were determined by means of the nmr spectroscopy. the values of the thermodynamic functions of the ion pairing process were calculated on the basis of the nmr results. in addition, the association entropy was found to be dependent on the temperature. comparing the experimental data and the fuoss theory it is found that  ion-pa...