Histone acetylation plays an important role in regulating gene expressions by modulating chromatin structure. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to have an antifibrogenic effect in some organs, such as the liver, skin, and lung, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In the kidney, bone morphologic protein 7 (BMP-7) and hepatocyte growth factor are reported ...

Although NKT cells has been known to exert protective roles in the development of autoimmune diseases, the functional roles of NKT cells in the downstream events of antibody-induced joint inflammation remain unknown. Thus, we explored the functional roles of NKT cells in antibody-induced arthritis using the K/BxN serum transfer model. NKT cell-deficient mice were resistant to the development of...

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, once activated, binds to its receptors and mediates renal fibrosis via the downstream Smad signaling pathway. We reported here that mice overexpressing latent TGF-beta1 in keratinocytes were protected against renal fibrosis in a model of obstructive kidney disease. In normal mice, both transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice had normal renal histology and...

BACKGROUND Epithelial damage and modifications of cell differentiation are frequent in airway diseases with chronic inflammation, in which transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays an important role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differentiation of human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) after wound healing and the potential effects of TGF-beta1. METHODS Basal, mucus, and cil...

background : recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) is one of the most common mucosal ulcerative of oral cavity. role of immune system, especially cytokines in immunopathogenesis of aphthous stomatitis was not highly considered. the aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary cytokines, including vegf-r3, tgf-&beta1;, tnf-α, and il-17a/f in patients with ras in two clinical stages, ul...

Ingestion of apoptotic cells in vitro by macrophages induces TGF-beta1 secretion, resulting in an anti-inflammatory effect and suppression of proinflammatory mediators. Here, we show in vivo that direct instillation of apoptotic cells enhanced the resolution of acute inflammation. This enhancement appeared to require phosphatidylserine (PS) on the apoptotic cells and local induction of TGF-beta...

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 generates CO, a gas with vasodilatory properties, during heme metabolism. HO-1 is expressed highly in vascular tissue after endotoxin stimulation, and generation of CO through the HO-1 pathway contributes to the hemodynamic compromise of endotoxic shock. Shock related to endotoxemia is an immune-mediated process that involves the generation of proinflammatory cytokines suc...

We previously reported that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces inflammatory changes (monocyte infiltration, myofibroblast formation, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] and transforming growth factor-beta1 [TGF-beta1] expression) in the rat heart and vessel. There is debate regarding whether TGF-beta1 exhibit...

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) inhibits cell growth in susceptible cells by interacting with a family of protein kinases that control cell cycle progression. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TGF-beta1 on cyclin D1 expression and activity in COLO-357 human pancreatic cancer cells. TGF-beta1 increased cyclin D1 mRNA and protein levels. Nuclear runoff transcriptio...