The T helper cell type 1 (Th1) response is essential to resist leishmaniasis, whereas the Th2 response favors the disease. However, many leishmanial antigens, which stimulate a Th1 immune response during the disease or even after the disease is cured, have been shown to have no protective action. Paradoxically, antigens associated with an early Th2 response have been found to be highly protecti...

Helper T (Th) cells regulate immune responses by producing various cytokines upon antigen stimulation. Helper T cells can be divided into two subsets, Th1 and Th2 [2]. The Th1 cells are responsible for defense against infectious intracellular microorganisms. The Th2 cells are responsible for defense against extracellular pathogens and the development of allergic immune reactions. The SOCS famil...

The role of T-cell subsets in the induction of tissue factor (TF) production by human monocytes in vitro was investigated. Mitogen stimulation enabled both unfractionated T cells and their CD4+ or CD8+ subsets to promote procoagulant activity (PCA). After mitogen or antigen activation, all seven T-cell clones with Th1 cytokine profile, but none of seven Th2 clones, induced TF production and PCA...

Few biological markers of immune function have been thoroughly validated for use in epidemiologic studies that involve delayed sample processing and analysis. Here, we report our validation results for flow cytometric detection of intracellular T-helper 1/T-helper 2 (Th1/Th2) cytokines using 500 microL of whole blood obtained from children and adults. The detection of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles ...

The description of Th1 and Th2 T cell subsets rationalized the inverse correlation between humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Although Th1 cells were described to support cell-mediated immune responses, their role in supporting certain B cell responses was firmly established. However, there is now a prevailing preconception that provision of B cell help is entirely the domain of Th2 cells and ...

Osteopontin (OPN) has been shown to have T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine functions in cell-mediated immunity. Deficiency of OPN is linked to a reduced Th1 immune response in autoimmunity, infectious disease, and delayed-type allergy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central for the induction of T-cell-mediated immunity, when initially flexible DCs are instructed by priming signals and tissue-derived factors...

T helper cell (Th1 and Th2) associated responses were examined following a primary infection with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus in five inbred strains of mice with different resistance phenotypes. Levels of (i) mast cell protease, (ii) specific IgE, (iii) nitric oxide and (iv) specific IgG2a, as markers of Th2 and Th1 associated responses, respectively, were determined...

Although T cells infiltrate many types of murine and human neoplasms, in many instances tumor-specific cytotoxicity is not observed. Strategies to stimulate CTL-mediated antitumor immunity have included in vitro stimulation and/or genetic engineering of T cells, followed by adoptive transfer into tumor-bearing hosts. In this model of B cell lymphoma in SJL/J mice, we used Tim-3(+) T-bet(+) Th1 ...

The STAT transcription factor STAT4 is a critical regulator of Th1 differentiation and inflammatory disease. Yet, how STAT4 regulates gene expression is still unclear. In this report, we define a STAT4-dependent sequence of events including histone H3 lysine 4 methylation, Jmjd3 association with STAT4 target loci, and a Jmjd3-dependent decrease in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and DNA met...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS An immune imbalance in the cytokine profile exerts a profound influence on the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study evaluated the immune status of T helper (Th) 17 and Th1 cells in patients with HBV-related and non-HBV-related HCC. METHODS We randomly enrolled 150 patients with HCC. Blood samples and tissue...