Dendritic cells (DCs) can secrete cytokines stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which leads to not just acute inflammatory responses but also Th1 polarization. Furtherly, chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases could be triggered. As a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, Ephedra Aconite Asarum Decoction with the main ingredients of ephedrine and hypaconitine can show effect on...

To determine the effect of regulatory T cells on the ratio of Th1/Th2 differentiation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis B patients, FoxP3, the essential transcription factor for Tcells differentiation and function, was knocked down by FoxP3 siRNA, which was affirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for decreased expression of FoxP3. Then, at different time points,...

BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that cytokine dysregulation in T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 (TH1/TH2) subsets contributes to the pathogenesis of Crohn disease (CD). The present pilot study examines the hypothesis that cytokine profiles differ between pediatric and adult patients with CD. METHODS Production of TH1 cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ...

The aim of the study was to correlate the preoperative activity of Th1 and Th17 cytokine axes with the development of sepsis after radical cystectomy. The study involved twenty patients with the infiltrative transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder without previous radiotherapy/chemotherapy, who underwent open radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. Preoperative plasma concentratio...

Behcet's disease (BD) is a polysymptomatic and recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course and unknown cause. The pathogenesis of BD has not been fully elucidated; however, BD has been considered to be a typical Th1-mediated inflammatory disease, characterized by elevated levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Recently, some studies reported that Th17-associated cytokin...

The in vivo function of Th cell subsets is largely dependent on the ability of differentiated CD4+ T cells to be recruited to specific sites and secrete restricted sets of cytokines. In this paper we demonstrate that Th1 and Th2 cells secrete discrete patterns of chemokines, small m.w. cytokines that function as chemoattractants in inflammatory reactions. Th2 cells secrete macrophage-derived ch...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for many of the inflammatory responses and pathogenic effects of Gram-negative bacteria, however, it also induces protective immune responses. LPS induces the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 from dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. It is thought that IL-12 is required for one of the protective immune responses induce...

To mount an effective type 1 immune response, type 1 T helper (Th1) cells must produce inflammatory cytokines and simultaneously suppress the expression of antiinflammatory cytokines. How these two processes are coordinately regulated at the molecular level is still unclear. In this paper, we show that the proto-oncogene E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) is necessary for T-bet to promote in...

BOB.1/OBF.1 is a transcriptional coactivator essential at several stages of B-cell development. In T cells, BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is inducible by co-stimulation. However, a defined role of BOB.1/OBF.1 for T-cell function had not been discovered so far. Here, we show that BOB.1/OBF.1 is critical for T helper cell function. BOB.1/OBF.1(-/-) mice showed imbalanced immune responses, resulting in i...

BACKGROUND Th1 cytokines are essential for the control of M. tuberculosis infection. The role of IL-10 in tuberculosis is controversial and there is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that the relationship between Th1 cytokines and IL-10 is not as antagonistic as it was first believed, and that these cytokines may complement each other in infectious diseases. METHODS The present study ...