During the Leidenfrost effect, a thin insulating vapor layer separates an evaporating liquid from hot solid. Here we demonstrate that layers can be sustained at much lower temperatures than those required for formation. Using high-speed electrical technique to measure thickness of water over smooth, metallic surfaces, find explosive failure point is nearly independent material and fluid propert...

abstract background: weather and climate play a significant role in human health. we are accustomed to affects the weather conditions. by increasing or decreasing the environment temperature or change of seasons, some diseases become prevalent or remove. this study investigated the role of temperature in cardiovascular disease mortality of city of mashhad in the current decade and its simulatio...

most scientists believe that the phenomenon of global warming occurred, however, in the case of the occurrence of this phenomenon by some environmental scientists have raised doubts. they are questioning global warming by arguing that the temperature recorded at the weather stations cannot be representative of the occurrence of the temperature rise. because with the passage of time and the incr...

today one of the most important problems in agriclimatology in effecting of climate on products. one of the climate elements in freezing which according to the continuity , extend and amount of it on agricultural activities ,transportation and invironment has a lot of affections. least temperature forcasts as one of the important climatic elements to forcasting late coldness and freezing in spr...