As a result of quick progression in computer and information technologies, computer modeling has become a vital tool in watershed research and management practices. Stanford Watershed Model (SWM) is an integrated physically based Watershed model that can be used to simulate water flow stream/canal network and overland runoff, interflow and evaporation by considering the interaction between surf...

Tropical rainfall to first order responds to variations in Earth’s orbit through shifts of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) and changes in zonally averaged rainfall intensity. Here, a conceptual model is developed that represents both processes and their response to orbital insolation variations. The model predicts the seasonal evolution of tropical rainfall between 308S and 308N. Inso...

In tidally affected coastal catchments detention pond should be provided to store flood surface water. A comparison between the full simulation approach based on the joint probability method and time series rainfall modeling via the annual maximum of pond level was undertaken to investigate the assumptions of independence between variables that are necessary in the joint probability method. The...

We tested whether annual seed production (masting or mast fruiting) in Northern Hemisphere trees is an evolved strategy or a consequence of resource tracking by comparing masting patterns with those of annual rainfall and mean summer temperatures, two environmental variables likely to correlate with available resources. There were generally significant negative autocorrelations between the seed...

Detailed knowledge of rainfall regime is an important prerequisite for agricultural planning. Despite the importance of rain-fed agriculture to food security in the semi-arid regions of South Africa, studies to understand the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall are not widely documented. Twenty-three years (1983 to 2005) of rainfall data were analysed in order to study the basic statis...

Freshwater resources are a high-priority issue in the Pacific region. Water shortage is a serious problem in many small island states, and many depend heavily on rainwater as the source of their water. Lack of safe water supplies is an important factor in diarrheal illness. There have been no previous studies looking specifically at the relationship between climate variability and diarrhea in t...