This paper proposes an analytical model for evaluating the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) for all optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO-OFDM) optical wireless channel. The investigated performance for proposed system is evaluated for the parameters  bit error rate (BER) and Q factor .The constellation diagrams, and bit error rate (BER) of the recei...

Rainfall intensity estimates by passive microwave (PMW) measurements from space perform generally better over the sea surface with respect to land, due to the problems in separating true rain signatures from those produced by surfaces having similar spectral behaviour (e.g. snow, ice, desert and semiarid grounds). The screening procedure aimed at recognizing the various surface types and delimi...

Rain-index insurance is strongly advocated in many parts of the developing world to help farmers to cope with climatic risk that prevail in (semi-)arid rangelands due to low and highly uncertain rainfall. We present a modeling analysis of how the availability of rain-index insurance affects the sustainability of rangeland management. We show that a rain-index insurance with frequent payoffs, i....

It is desired to simulate natural rain in a wind tunnel in order to investigate its influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft. Rain simulation nozzles have been developed and tested at JPL. Pulsed laser sheet illumination is used to photograph the droplets in the moving airstream. Digital image processing techniques are applied to these photographs for calculation of rain statist...

Two Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models are developed to estimate the radar reflectivity factor (dBZ) and rain intensity (R) from the spectral moments of an L-band wind profiler. Out of the four spectral moment inputs of the MLP models, the backscattered power (P) and Doppler velocity (VD) were found to have better correlation with the rain parameters. The model results were validated with the ...

Short Title: Prediction of Link Diversity Statistics. Abstract The average annual rain attenuation statistics experienced by individual microwave links are well understood. ITU-R models exist for the prediction of these statistics and they are used to assign power levels to links to achieve the desired availability. The performance of networks such as mulit-hop links or links utilising route, f...

Measurements of global ocean surface winds made by orbiting satellite radars have provided valuable information to the oceanographic and meteorological communities since the launch of the Seasat in 1978, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). When Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) was launched in 1999, it ushered in a new era of dual-polarized, pencil-beam, higher-resolution ...

The images acquired by outdoor vision system in the rain or snow have low contrast and are blurred, and it can cause serious degradation. Traditional rain (snow) removal method is restricted with the intensity, so the effect is not ideal. According to the characteristic of vision system acquiring multiple different degraded images in a short time, the paper processes multiple images to realize ...

The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) propagation experiment has collected four years of propagation data at 20.185 and 27.505 GHz. The objective of the experiment is to develop long-term statistics and modeling techniques for predicting atmospheric propagation effects in the Ka band. The experiment includes seven identical earth stations at different locations in North Americ...

BALASUBRAMANIAN, G., UDAYASOORIAN, C. & PRABU, P. C. 2007. Effects of short-term exposure of simulated acid rain on the growth of Acacia nilotica. The response and measurable effects of simulated acid rain at different pH levels of 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.0 on Acacia nilotica seedlings grown on black and red soils were investigated for six months. A set of 10 potted seedlings in each treatment...