In this paper, we present a novel modeling method for synthesizing rough surfaces using discrete surface growth models. We employ a two-pass method. Initial point cluster data is generated using discrete simulation models derived from physical surface growth and evolution. Then, a final surface is reconstructed from the point clusters by a level set method. Since many rough surfaces in nature a...

Starting with Zenneck and Sommerfeld wave propagation over a flat finitely conducting surface has been extensively studied by Wait and many other authors. In this paper, we examine propagation over a finitely conducting rough surface, also studied by many people including Feinberg, Bass, Fuks, and Barrick. This paper extends the multiple scattering theories based on Dyson and Bethe–Salpeter equ...

since the energy consumption has become one of the crisis of modern buildings, modeling the iranian past architecture patterns could be helpful. the shopping streets as one of the main sectors consuming energy locate near the open spaces it seems, therefore, they need more thermal comfort. however, using passive techniques, the iranian traditional bazaars architecture solved the problems regard...

[1] On 21 October 2010, ARTEMIS spacecraft P2, located at about 57 REGSM in the Earth’s magnetotail, observed a series of flux ropes during the course of a moderate substorm. Subsequently, ARTEMIS spacecraft P1, located about 20 RE farther downtail and farther into the lobe than P2, observed a series of TCRs, consistent with the flux ropes observed by P2. The dual-spacecraft configuration allow...

There has been an increasing attention to the effect of hull roughness on ship resistance and powering. In conventional studies, surfaces have treated as uniform rough while real ships' hulls are exposed heterogeneous fouling accumulation. The work described here presents experimental investigation into resistance. A series towing tests were conducted using a model Wigley with various condition...

All surfaces and interfaces between dissimilar materials are rough. The extent to which this roughness affects the reflection of elastic waves has been the subject of study for many decades. A recent book by Ogilvy [1] provides a comprehensive review and summary of this subject. The problem is of particular interest in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation. For example, it has been shown that fo...

In the domain of electromagnetic wave propagation in the presence of rough surfaces, the Rayleigh roughness criterion is a widelyused means to estimate the degree of roughness of considered surface. In this paper, this Rayleigh roughness criterion is extended to the case of rough layers. Thus, it provides an interesting qualitative tool for estimating the degree of electromagnetic roughness of ...