Preliminary results of an empirical study of human experimentation practices are presented and contrasted with those of a survey conducted a hundred years ago when clinical research, although tolerated, was culturally deviant. Now that biomedical research is both authorized and controlled, its actors (sponsors, committees, investigators, subjects) come out with heterogeneous rationalities, and ...

Administration of a chemical or biological compound to a human being is never without risk. Although knowledge about risks increases during the development process, risks are still present even when a substance is marketed. Particular care is necessary when a new drug is given to healthy volunteers without previous human testing. General principles for such research have been laid down in guide...

To the Editor: Although the statement “Unfortunately, as it is not possible to obtain accurate quantitative data from humans, we have to rely on results extrapolated from animal studies, mainly dogs and cats” (1) was made in the context of venoconstrictor contributions to cardiac filling, its unqualified nature encourages comment. As Rowell (2) properly points out, both quantitative and accurat...

BACKGROUND The use of cannabis and other illicit drugs (OIDs) and their co-morbid misuse are frequently reported in the literature. Correlated vulnerabilities and causal or gateway influences have been implicated in this association. We investigated the source of this co-morbidity between cannabis use (experimentation, early and repeated use, and problems) and OID experimentation and problems u...

conclusions it was concluded that the efficacy of tramadol and fluoxetine in males with premature ejaculation are the same and both are effective. both of these drugs are safe to treat premature ejaculation. results thirty-six subjects with the mean age of 44 ± 19.3 years underwent analysis. eighteen subjects were treated by fluoxetine and 18 by tramadol. the efficacy of treatment in the two gr...

Activists opposed to the use of animals in scientific research are increasingly dominating the public discourse and pressuring government officials to severely limit the scope of the work. Polls show that public support for animal research is in decline. Scientists must respond by engaging with the public and policymakers to explain their research and its importance and by addressing moral conc...