Electric water heaters, which have the capacity to act as thermal energy storage, are well suited demand management strategies in smart grid applications. However, finding balance between managing power load, reducing losses, user’s convenience, and bacterial growth control, requires accurate modelling of internal dynamics tank, including stratification. As a black box, this unknown is dependen...

To better understand the hydrodynamic and hydrographic conditions experienced by larvae in nearshore (within 1 km of shore), role that larval behavior plays mediating shoreward transport to adult benthic habitats, we examined vertical distribution concentration barnacle cyprids a shallow, region southern California, United States. We collected high-resolution physical measurements currents temp...

The apparent end of the internally generated Martian magnetic field at 3.6–4.1 Ga is a key event in history and has been linked to insufficient core cooling. We investigate thermal evolution mantle using parameterized models considered three improvements on previous studies. First, our account for stratification core. Second, are constrained by estimates present-day areotherm. Third, we conside...