Procedures for the photothermal lens determination of metals and organic compounds, on the basis of solid-phase mesoporous optical-sensing materials (polymethacrylate [PMA]) matrices with immobilized reagents, were developed. These procedures combine (i) selective and efficient preconcentration of trace substances to be analyzed in specially designed and synthesized transparent mesoporous PMA p...

Ignition timing in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines is dominated by thermo-kinetic reactions that are dependant on the charge properties. A single zone thermodynamic model, coupled to a kinetic mechanism, is developed to predict the ignition timing of Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs) in an HCCI engine. The model, consisting of 120 chemical reactions and 58 species, is valida...

Different species and genotypes of Miscanthus were analysed to determine the influence of genotypic variation and harvest time on cell wall composition and the products which may be refined via pyrolysis. Wet chemical, thermo-gravimetric (TGA) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) methods were used to identify the main pyrolysis products and determine the extent to which...

A layer of compressible, rotating, elastico-viscous fluid of related density heated & soluted from below is considered in the presence of vertical magnetic field to include the effect of Hall currents. Dispersion relation governing the effect of visco-elasticity, salinity gradient, rotation, magnetic field and Hall currents is derived. For the case of stationary convection, the Rivlin-Erickson ...

OBJECTIVES We assessed the ability of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) tests to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA), comparing the effect of manufacturer assay type, study design (single- and two-gated) and duration of disease (early vs. established). METHODS We searched seven databases for relevant diagnostic studies containing data on CCP tests in known or suspected RA patients. We us...

The 4D-printable two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) is not well known to building engineering and architecture. To better understand the thermo-mechanical complexity of TWSME in skin design, this paper investigates parametric uncertainty basic deformation a rectangular façade surface module. end, 4D-printed composite was prototyped by 3D-printing polymer (SMP, digital elastomers DM9850 9885) d...

We assume that at the continuum scales of interest here, the mass density ⇢ as well as the the momentum per unit volume ⇢u can be interpreted as well-defined averages of microscopic masses and momenta. That is, they are averages over minute spatial regions and time intervals, which can nevertheless be chosen large enough that there are negligible statistical fluctuations about those averages at...