Nano-particles are of great interest in fundamental and applied research. However, their accurate visualization is often difficult and the interpretation of the obtained images can be complicated. We present a comparative scanning electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy study of cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide (CTAB) coated gold nano-rods. Using both methods we show how the gold core as we...

Introduction. A fundamental question concerning Europa’s ice shell is whether the rigid lithosphere vis ible at the surface is underlain by a layer of warm, convecting ice. The heat produced by tidal friction in Europa’s silicate interior might be shed by simple conduction through a passive, relatively thin ice shell directly overlying a subsurface sea, or transported equally well through a muc...

Abstract. A subproblem h-conform eddy current finite element method is proposed for correcting the inaccuracies inherent to thin shell models. Such models replace volume thin regions by surfaces but neglect border e↵ects in the vicinity of their edges and corners. The developed surface-to-volume correction problem is defined as a step of the multiple subproblems applied to a complete problem, c...

We summarize some recent results of the authors and their collaborators, regarding the derivation of thin elastic shell models (for shells with mid-surface of arbitrary geometry) from the variational theory of 3d nonlinear elasticity. We also formulate a conjecture on the form and validity of infinitely many limiting 2d models, each corresponding to its proper scaling range of the body forces i...

A subproblem method with dual finite element magnetostatic and magnetodynamic formulations is developed to correct the inaccuracies near edges and corners coming from thin shell models, that replace thin volume regions by surfaces. The surface-to-volume correction problem is defined as one of the multiple subproblems applied to a complete problem, considering successive additions of inductors a...

We give a comparative description of monopole and electrically charged spherically symmetric dust thin shells. Herewith we consider two of the most interesting conngurations: the hollow shell and shell, surrounding a body with opposite charge. The classiication of shells in accordance with the types of black holes and traversable wormholes is constructed. The theorems for the parameters of turn...

The plasmon response of a spherical metallic shell becomes significantly more complex as its size is increased beyond the quasistatic limit. With increasing size and decreasing aspect ratio (r1/r2), higher order multipolar modes contribute in a more dominant manner, and two distinct core-shell geometries exist that provide the same dipole plasmon resonance, with differing relative multipolar co...

The thin shell collapse leading to the formation of charged rotating black holes in 2+1 dimensions is analyzed in the light of a recently developed Hamiltonian formalism for these systems. It is proposed to demand, as a natural extension of what happens with a solenoid in flat space, that the magnetic field should vanish just outside the shell. The adoption of this boundary condition results in...

Spherically symmetric thin shell in the presence of a cosmological constant are constructed, applying the Darmois-Israel formalism. An equation governing the behavior of the radial pressure across the junction surface is deduced. The cosmological constant term slows down the collapse of matter. The spherical N-shell model with an appropriate initial condition imitates the FRW universe with Λ = ...

We report a general method for the synthesis of hollow structures of a variety of functional inorganics by partial sintering of mesoporous nanocrystal aggregates. The formation of a thin shell initiates the transport of mass from the interior leading to growth of the shell. The principles are general and the hollow structures thus produced are attractive for many applications including catalysi...