In its long-range projections of expenditures under the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) system, the Office of the Actuary considers benefit payments, administrative expenses, net transfers under the Railroad Retirement interchange, and vocational rehabilitation expenses for the next 75 years. Benefit payments are by far the largest element, accounting for over 97 percent of...

This paper theoretically studies and empirically estimates (1) how spousal labor supply affects bargaining between the husband and wife over their private consumption, and (2) the impact of this intrahousehold bargaining on their reservation wage and unemployment duration. We consider a model of household job search in which the outcomes of bargaining are determined by the sharing rule of Chiap...

This work presents a data-centric strategy to meet deadlines in soft real-time applications in wireless sensor networks. This strategy considers three main aspects: (i) The design of real-time application to obtain the minimum deadlines; (ii) An analytic model to estimate the ideal sample size used by data-reduction algorithms; and (iii) Two data-centric stream-based sampling algorithms to perf...

Alcohol urban environment has been associated with individual alcohol behaviors. We are constantly exposed to a wide variety of alcohol products, its marketing and promotion and signs of alcohol consumption that may influence alcohol-drinking behaviors. In this photo-essay, we include photographs that visually explain the exposure to alcohol in the urban streetscape of Madrid. These photographs...

To my parents, my brothers and my husband. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many I would like to thank for helping me get this far. First and foremost are my family who carried the burden of supporting my study all these years. I thank them for their constant encouragement, loyal support, endless love, and for teaching me to take pride in myself. I will always be grateful for everything they have...

The song "Mendung Tanpo Udan" is a piece of pop music created by Kukuh Prasetya Kudamai and arranged Ndarboy Genk into dangdut style. researcher analyzed the because this contains lyrics that represent gender-based injustice in context mass digital communication. Based on descriptive-qualitative research method with content analysis techniques, researchers got results resembles form stereotypin...