Pain is among the most salient of experiences while also, curiously, being among the most malleable. A large body of research has revealed that a multitude of explicit strategies can be used to effectively alter the attention-demanding quality of acute and chronic pains and their associated neural correlates. However, thoughts that are spontaneous, rather than actively generated, are common in ...

Neuronal communication underlies all aspects of brain function, including learning, memory, and consciousness. How neurons communicate is controlled by both the formation of neuronal connections during neural development and the regulation of neuronal activity in the adult brain. Rho GTPases have a well-known role in neuronal development, and recent studies published in Genes & Development (Ste...

Causal knowledge plays a crucial role in human thought, but the nature of causal representation and inference remains a puzzle. Can human causal inference be captured by relations of probabilistic dependency, or does it draw on richer forms of representation? This article explores this question by reviewing research in reasoning, decision making, various forms of judgment, and attribution. We e...

boplastin inhibitor, mechanism of clot formation, zeta-potential, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, the role of platelets, and a synthetic anticoagulant. In addition, there is a special discussion of the general problem of standardization of thromboplastin. Those with a special interest in blood clotting from the clinical or laboratory standpoints can hardly afford to be unacquainted w...

A shared tenet of embodied, embedded, situated and distributed cognition is that people make sense of things interactively. They run a simulation, they exchange words, often taking turns to change and steer the flow of interaction; they gesture, they handle or manipulate things, they write, sketch or model. Because the concept of interaction seems intuitive, and the phenomena so pervasive, rese...

OBJECTIVE To describe the development of the Thought Disorder Questionnaire (TDQ), including data on reliability and validity, and to explain the questionnaire's feasibility and diagnostic accuracy. METHODS The TDQ has 6 scales, each with 10 items (on a scale from 0 [for never] to 4 [for always]). The 6 scales measure content of thought, control of thought, orientation, perception, fantasy, a...

In the section on semantic analysis, we briefly discuss four kinds of analysis of the term “consciousness”. The section on dynamic / generic approaches considers how various types of change relate to language and consciousness. The third section treats how language on the one hand can be related to individual consciousness and on the other hand also to collective consciousness and collective th...