Biplane fluoroscopy is used for dynamic in vivo three-dimensional motion analysis of various joints of the body. Cross-scatter between the two fluoroscopy systems may limit tracking accuracy. This study measured the magnitude and effects of cross-scatter in biplane fluoroscopic images. Four cylindrical phantoms of 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-in. diameter were imaged at varying kVp levels to determine th...

There have been significant advancements in the ability of echocardiography to provide both morphological and functional information in children with congenitally malformed hearts. This progress has come through the development of improved technology such as matrix array probes and software which allows for the off line analysis of images to a high standard. This article focuses on these develo...

PURPOSE To process single voxel spectra of low- and high-grade gliomas. To propose correlation analysis of the scatter plots of normalized spectral amplitudes as a pattern recognition tool for the classification (grading) of brain tumors. To propose a spectrum processing approach that improves the differentiation of proton spectra with dominating macromolecule and lipid peaks. MATERIALS AND M...

BACKGROUND Physiologic signals, such as cardiac interbeat intervals, exhibit complex fluctuations. However, capturing important dynamical properties, including nonstationarities may not be feasible from conventional time series graphical representations. METHODS We introduce a simple-to-implement visualisation method, termed dynamical density delay mapping ("D3-Map" technique) that provides a...

The study of normal or malignant haematopoiesis requires the analysis of heterogeneous cell populations using multiple morphological and molecular criteria. Flow cytometry has the capacity to acquire multi-parameter information of large haematopoietic cell populations, utilizing various combinations of >200 molecular markers (clusters of differentiation, CD). However, current flow cytometry ana...

4 Basic data analysis 7 4.1 Getting the data by using read.file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2 Data input from the clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.3 Basic descriptive statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.4 Simple descriptive graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.4.1 Scatter Plot M...

This work explains a method for blind separation of a linear mixture of sources, through geometrical considerations concerning the scatter plot. This method is applied to a mixture of several sources and it obtains the estimated coefficients of the unknown mixture matrix A and separates the unknown sources.

Advances in catheter-based interventions in structural and congenital heart disease have mandated an increased demand for three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of complex cardiac anatomy. Despite progress in 3D imaging modalities, the pre- and periprocedural visualisation of spatial anatomy is relegated to two-dimensional flat screen representations. 3D printing is an evolving technology based o...

In this report I describe a nonlinear optimization model for reducing visual clutter in a plot of overlapping contours that represent aggregate scatter data. The contours are represented as smooth, closed, uniform B-splines. My method begins with a preprocessing step in which contours are converted into a piecewise linear representation. Then I solve a nonlinear optimization program which elimi...