This study determined whether daily cocaine administration initiates a calcium requirement for the increase in extracellular dopamine produced by psychostimulants. The increase in extracellular dopamine induced by perfusion of amphetamine through a microdialysis probe in the nucleus accumbens shell was enhanced in cocaine- relative to saline-pretreated rats. The augmented portion of the ampheta...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have shown that silica in grass leaves defends them against small herbivores, which avoid high-silica grasses and digest them less efficiently. This study tested the idea that silica can reduce digestibility by preventing the mechanical breakdown of chlorenchyma cells. METHODS Both the percentage of total chlorophyll liberated from high- and low-silica gra...

Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is essential for histone acetylation, to promote cell proliferation by regulating gene expression. However, the underlying mechanism(s) governing acetylation remains poorly understood. Activated α2-Macroglobulin (α2M*) signals through tumor Cell Surface GRP78 (CS-GRP78) to regulate tumor cell proliferation through multiple signaling pathway. Here, we demonstrate t...

Epidemiological data indicate that 5.8% of cancer deaths world-wide are attributable to alcohol consumption. The risk of cancer is higher in tissues in closest contact on ingestion of alcohol, such as the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. However, since ethanol is not mutagenic and the carcinogenic metabolite of ethanol (acetaldehyde) is mostly produced in the liver, it is not clear why alcoh...

C igarette smoking is a major risk factor in the development of pulmonary emphysema, a chronic disorder thought to be caused by excess protease activity in lung. Although inhalation of cigarette smoke is associated with accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN; a major source of preformed proteases) in the lung, cigarette smoke, by itself, is not chemotactic for PMN. Since alveolar mac...

We study the models of Kafri, Taylor and Milburn (KTM) Tilloy Di\'osi (TD), both which implement gravity between quantum systems through a continuous measurement feedback mechanism. The first model is for two particles, moving in one dimension, where Newtonian potential linearized. second applicable to any system, within context gravity. address issue how generalize KTM an arbitrary finite numb...