In this paper, a novel pneumatic cylinder is proposed, named Magnetic Brake Cylinder. It is composed of a tank, a pneumatic cylinder, and a permanent magnet, and with this, the piston is held by the attractive force of the magnet until the pressure inside the tank is very high, offering a higher driving power than an ordinary cylinder when using the same pressure source. In addition, a control ...

This paper presents optimal trajectory planning and iterative learning control for a throwing manipulation which can control not only the position but also the orientation of a polygonal object robustly to uncertainties by low-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. We show experimentally the validity of the proposed method with the one-joint robotic arm. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the throwi...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1005 1. Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1006 2. Differential Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007 3. History and Physical Exam . . . . . . . . . . ....

A specific and early diagnosis must be made in the injured skeletally immature throwing athlete. A well-outlined program of rest, rehabilitation, and proper throwing techniques should be implemented and continued. Overuse injuries are preventable when biomechanics are sound and pitch counts are done with the limits enforced. Guidelines for inning limits, number of pitches, rest intervals, and t...