Introduction The mechanism of putative cytotoxicity of 4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]-2-pyrrolidone (rolipram), a specific phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is almost unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the cytotoxic effect of rolipram on human GBM U87 MG cell line and Tumor-Initiating Cells (TICs) i...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women (excluding skin cancer), and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Although conventional and targeted therapies have improved survival rates, there are still considerable challenges in treating breast cancer, including treatment resistance, disease recurrence, and metastasis. Treatment resistance can be either de novo - because...

dynamical methods may provide insight into the temporal features of tics that commonly are described clinically , such as short-term bouts or bursting and longer term waxing and waning. A deeper understanding of the multiplicative processes that govern these timing New Haven, Connecticut 06520 † Department of Psychiatry patterns may clarify both microscopic neural events occurring in millisecon...

tion tests, and urine analysis were normal. There were no factors causing short stature such as chronic illness, primary bone disease or a dysmorphic syndrome. Maximal plasma GH response to standard stimulation tests with clonidine and insulin was ! 10 ng/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of hypophysis was normal. The patient was diagnosed as having idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD)...

In anecdotal case reports, verapamil and nifedipine, calcium channel blockers, have provided rapid and dramatic relief in refractory Tourette syndrome [ 1,2]. The following report illustrates the use of nifedipine to augment haloperidol in the treatment of a child who did not respond when either drug was used alone. This 9-year-old boy was referred for intractable Tourette syndrome over a 3 yea...

the primary sources of knowledge. Rather , knowledge is considered to originate in what is called the ready-to-hand mode, a specific kind of nonconscious or automatic voluntariness that involves our engagement in "direct, everyday practical involvement with tools, artifacts, and people" (Packer, 1985, p. 1083). Engagement in practical activities is experienced as a synchronous whole, because ou...