Traditional Finnish timber construction is characterized by simplicity, clarity and scanty use of decoration. The traditional construction technique used a timberwork frame, which led to simple, cube-like building masses. Nevertheless, several log buildings erected around one yard formed a rich and varied entity, both in the country and in towns. The distinctive Finnish wooden town represents t...

Is There a Commercial Case Timber certification is not expected to provide for Tropical Timber significant commercial Certification? benefits to developing countries in the near future. Revenues from certification Panayotis N. Varangis are limited by the share of Rachel Crossley trade destined for "ecoCarlos A. Primo Braga sensitive" markets and by the size of the "green premium." The costs of ...

12 The profitability of uncontrolled logging can be a significant obstacle to sustainable forest 13 management, especially in the tropics. Rice et al. (1997) have argued that not only does 14 traditional selective logging provide higher returns but also incurs less damage to forests than 15 sustainable forest management systems that involve harvesting of many species and the creation 16 of larg...

Timber prices belong to the most important variables affecting the optimality of forest management. On the other hand, forecasting of timber prices is very uncertain. One difficulty when using past time series data in forecasting future timber price development is the possibility of changes in the markets and in the society at large. Expert knowledge can be applied in forecasting of timber pric...

Natural forested watersheds are prototypes of ecosystems. They have a relatively well-defined boundary, closed cycles for fluxes of elements, contain a collection of species of all kinds of spatial sizes (microbes to trees), and are of important human concern as timber source and drinking water supply. They have been the focus of scientific investigation since many years now, and it seems to be...

Abstract Landscape multifunctionality, a widely accepted challenge for boreal forests, aims to simultaneously provide timber, non-timber ecosystem services, and shelter biodiversity. However, multifunctionality requires the use of novel forest management regimes optimally combined over landscape, an increased share sets asides. It remains unclear how this combination will shape stand vulnerabil...

Common lands provide smallholder farmers in Africa with firewood, timber, and feed for livestock, and they are used to complement human diets through the collection of edible nontimber forest products (NTFPs). Farmers have developed coping mechanisms, which they deploy at times of climatic shocks. We aimed to analyze the importance of NTFPs in times of drought and to identify options that could...

Natural disturbance-based management and conservation strategies are needed to protect forest biodiversity. Boreal forests of northern Europe are typically clearcut and otherwise intensively managed for timber production. As a result, natural disturbances such as forest fires have became rare and the volume of dead wood has decreased. These changes have had a profound negative effect on species...

Forests dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock in the Pacific Northwest of the United States have strongly influenced concepts and policy concerning old-growth forest conservation. Despite the attention to their old-growth characteristics, a tendency remains to view their disturbance ecology in relatively simple terms, emphasizing infrequent, stand-replacing (SR) fire and an associated li...

Cross-specific amplification of microsatellite loci greatly enhances the effectiveness of this marker system. This shortcut would greatly enhance our examination of the gene flow and population structure of trees in diverse tropical rainforests. To explore the effectiveness and limitations of this approach, we examined allelic diversity at six microsatellite loci, originally developed in a cong...