The (Euclidean) Vehicle Routing Allocation Problem (VRAP) is a generalization of Euclidean TSP. We do not require that all points lie on the salesman tour. However, points that do not lie on the tour are allocated, i.e., they are directly connected to the nearest tour point, paying a higher (per-unit) cost. More formally, the input is a set of points P ⊂ R and functions α : P → [0,∞) and β : P ...

The Swap-Body Vehicle Routing Problem is a variant of the well-studied vehicle routing problem which incorporates additional complicating factors encountered in practice. In this problem, a homogeneous fleet of an unlimited number of trucks, semitrailers, and swap-bodies are used to serve a set of customers. Some customers may only be served by trucks due to a set of location-dependent accessib...

This study presents a novel approach to the vehicle routing problem by focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption aiming to mitigate adverse environmental effects of transportation. A time-dependent model with time windows is developed to incorporate speed and schedule in transportation. The model considers speed limits for different times of the day in a realistic delivery conte...

We generalize the standard vehicle routing problem with time windows by allowing both traveling times and traveling costs to be time-dependent functions. In our algorithm, we use a local search to determine routes of the vehicles. When we evaluate a neighborhood solution, we must compute an optimal time schedule of each route. We show that this subproblem can be efficiently solved by dynamic pr...

The travel times among demand points are strongly influenced by traffic in a supply chain. Due to this fact, the service times for customers are variable. For this reason, service time is often changes over a time interval in a real environment. In this paper, a time-dependent periodic green vehicle routing problem (VRP) considering the time windows for serving the customers and multiple trip i...

Recent years, spatial data and observed data, such as digital road map, traffic route, vehicle speed, recordings events and others, are integrated and stored into the spatial temporal database systems. Various location-based services by using mobile phone are also becoming popular. In this paper, we focus on one of GIS-based scheduling applications concerning the availability of GPS technologie...

Abstract Autonomous vehicles create new opportunities as well challenges to dynamic vehicle routing. The introduction of autonomous information-collecting agents results in scenarios, where nodes are found by proximity. This paper presents a novel vehicle-routing problem variant with proximity-dependent nodes. Here, we introduced variable, detectability , which determines whether proximal node ...

It is well known that the final cost of commercial products is mostly due to expenses than to their transport. In this context, the vehicle routing problem appears aiming to optimize the routes of a fleet which is responsible for providing pick-up and delivery services. In face of the necessity in attending requests that come during the fleet operation time, the dynamic vehicle routing problem ...

This research considers the time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP). The time-dependent VRP does not assume constant speeds of the vehicles. The speeds of the vehicles vary during the various times of the day, based on the traffic conditions. During the periods of peak traffic hours, the vehicles travel at low speeds and during non-peak hours, the vehicles travel at higher speeds. A surv...

We propose a tabu search meta-heuristic for the Time dependent Multi-zone Multi-trip Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. Two types of neighborhoods, corresponding to two decision sets of the problem, together with a strategy controlling the selection of the neighborhood type for particular phases of the search, provide the means to set up and combine exploration and exploitation capabili...