Background: The elimination of breakfast and the high consumption of low-value snacks are becoming more frequent and common among adolescents. Nutrition is a complex behavioral phenomenon that is associated with the specific cultural and environmental issues of each society as well as psychological features.This qualitative research was conducted to identify factors affecting breakfast consumpt...

The change in Federal fiscal year 1984 from cost-based reimbursement to prospective payment at a fixed price for a known and defined product--the hospital stay--represents a fundamental change in the role of the Medicare program within the health care delivery system. In this article, national and selected geographic trends in Medicare short-stay hospital inpatient discharges since 1981 are pre...

This set of lecture notes covers a general model of adverse selection as well as a leading example— that of a price discriminating monopolist— due to Maskin and Riley (1984). At the end of this unit, students should understand the application of the revelation principal to this class of models, the general solution techniques, and the key economic trade-o¤— e¢ ciency versus information rent sav...

This set of lecture notes covers a general model of adverse selection as well as a leading example— that of a price discriminating monopolist— due to Maskin and Riley (1984). At the end of this unit, students should understand the application of the revelation principal to this class of models, the general solution techniques, and the key economic trade-o¤— e¢ ciency versus information rent sav...

In this paper, we develop a differentiated duopoly model with endogenous cost-reducing R&D and review the argument on welfare effect of price and quantity competition in the presence of technology licensing. We show that the standard conclusion on duopoly (Singh and Vives, 1984) can be completely reversed. Cournot competition induces lower R&D investment than Bertrand competition does. Moreover...

This set of lecture notes covers a general model of adverse selection as well as a leading example— that of a price discriminating monopolist— due to Maskin and Riley (1984). At the end of this unit, students should understand the application of the revelation principal to this class of models, the general solution techniques, and the key economic trade-o¤— e¢ ciency versus information rent sav...

There is a bitter controversy over what drives the housing price in China in the existing literature. In this paper, we investigate the underlying driving force behind housing price fluctuations in China, especially focusing on the role of housing demand shock with that of money supply shock in explaining housing price movements, by a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. ...

This paper investigates three models to implement Tradable Green Certificates (TGC) system with aid of game theory approach. In particular, the competition between thermal and renewable power plants is formulated in three models: namely cooperative, Nash and Stackelberg game models. The price of TGC is assumed to be determined by the legislative body (government) which is fixed. Numerical examp...

A population of committees of agents that learn by using neural networks is implemented to simulate the stock market. Each committee of agents, which is regarded as a player in a game, is optimised by continually adapting the architecture of the agents using genetic algorithms. The committees of agents buy and sell stocks by following this procedure: (1) obtain the current price of stocks; (2) ...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study of benchmarking database. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the variability in direct costs of spinal implants across various academic medical centers, determining variability between and within specific manufacturers, and to measure the relationship between purchasing volume and price. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spinal implants are a significant component of the cost o...