The electron microprobe was used to study tooth discoloration caused by old silver amalgam fillings. Oscilloscopic displays were obtained for the distribution of tin, silver, and mercury. In addition, a linear graphic display technic on the Enhancitron was used. The oscilloscopic displays showed the migration of tin from the amalgam into the enamel and dentin as opposed to silver or mercury, or...

This paper describes a cost model developed to assess the cost ramifications of the transition from tinlead to lead-free electronic parts. All tin-lead, all lead-free and mixed assembly approaches are considered. The model makes basic assumptions of a fixed generic set of applications, incorporates a cost of plan development, and includes the costs of reprocessing tin lead to lead free and vice...

Nanostructured TiN/TiB2/Fe–Cr–Ni composite powder has been prepared via high energy ball milling. Ti and BN powders are reacted to form uniform mixture of TiN and TiB2 within 2 h of milling by a mechanically activated self-sustaining reaction (MSR). The crystallite sizes of TiN nd TiB2 are about 7 and 16 nm, respectively, after 32 h of milling. Through liquid phase sintering and optimizing the ...

Hard coatings such as titanium nitride (TiN) and chromium nitride (CrN) are widely used in cutting and forming tools against wear and corrosion. In the present study, hard coating films were deposited onto AISI 1070 steels by a cathodic arc evaporation plating (CAVP) technique. These samples were subjected to wear in a conventional lathe for investigating the tribological behaviour of coating s...

The complex behaviour of metals under severe thermal and stress environments is influenced markedly by their elastic properties. Indeed the response of a material tc~ an applied stress is always determined by the elastic constants and their pressure derivatives. Furthermore, both the mechanical and thermodynamic equation;$ of state of a metal that contains dislocations require detailed knowledg...

Fig. 2 Average binding energy of Pt for 71 different Pt nanostructures on the TiN(100) surface with different concentrations of surface N or Ti vacancies (xv), which refers to the number of vacancies per possible vacancy sites. (a) The average binding energy per Pt atom, as calculated according to eqn (1), versus Pt surface coverage (Y) for up to 3 adlayers (36 Pt atoms) of Pt on the clean TiN(...

Background: The aim of present study was to analyze the effectiveness of electron filters in the Telecobalt radiotherapy treatment by simulation technique.  Materials and Methods: The BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the electron filters of thickness of 0.5 gm/cm2 below the trimmer bar for 35 × 35 cm2 field size in Theratron Equinox-80 telecobalt unit. The electron filters were mad...

We perform first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory to investigate the role of interfaces in superhard nanocomposites. A prerequisite is clearly knowledge of the detailed atomic structure, which is addressed in the present paper. In particular, we study the relative stability of TiN 111 /SixNy/TiN 111 interfaces, which form in the highly thermally stable nc-TiN/a-SixNy n...