We investigated the emission features of tin neutrals in a laser-ablated tin plasma using time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The tin plume was generated by focusing 1064 nm, 10 ns pulses from a Nd : YAG laser on a tin slab target placed in a vacuum chamber. We examined the properties of the tin neutrals at various spatial locations from the target surface and at different la...

Surfaces of medical implants can be enhanced with the favorable properties of titanium-nitride (TiN). In a review of English medical literature, the effects of TiN-coating on orthopaedic implant material in preclinical studies were identified and the influence of these effects on the clinical outcome of TiN-coated orthopaedic implants was explored. The TiN-coating has a positive effect on the b...

Ultrathin metal layers can be highly active carbon dioxide electroreduction catalysts, but may also be prone to oxidation. Here we construct a model of graphene confined ultrathin layers of highly reactive metals, taking the synthetic highly reactive tin quantum sheets confined in graphene as an example. The higher electrochemical active area ensures 9 times larger carbon dioxide adsorption cap...

The NK homeobox gene tinman (tin) is required for the specification of the cardiac, visceral muscle and somatic muscle progenitors in the early dorsal mesoderm of Drosophila. Like its vertebrate counterpart Nkx2.5, the expression of tin is maintained in cardiac cells during cardiac maturation and differentiation; however, owing to the complete lack of a dorsal vessel in tin mutant embryos, the ...

Tin(II) sulfide (SnS) is an attractive semiconductor for solar energy conversion in thin film devices due to its bandgap of around 1.3 eV orthorhombic polymorph, and a band gap 1.5–1.7 the cubic polymorph—both which are commensurate with efficient light harvesting, combined high absorption coefficient (10−4 cm−1) across NIR–visible region electromagnetic spectrum, leading theoretical power effi...

Tillering is a core constituent of plant architecture, and influences light interception to affect plant and crop performance. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) varying for a tiller inhibition (tin) gene and representing two genetic backgrounds were investigated for tillering dynamics, organ size distribution, leaf area, light interception, red: far-red ratio, and chlorophyll content. Tillering ceased...

Organotin compounds (OTCs) are characterized as having at minimum one covalent bond between carbon and tin atoms, usually denoted by the formula RnSnX4-n (n =1-3, R =aryl or alkyl, X =halogen ion a carboxylate, etc.). There several methods to synthesis organotin compounds, they Grignard Kocheshkov reactions, Wurtz reaction alkylation method. The has two stable state,(II) (IV). Sn(II) forms pyra...