Using first-principles density functional calculations, we investigate the structure and properties of previously unstudied grain boundaries (GBs) in solar absorber material copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS). We identify four stable low-Σ value symmetric tilt GBs with low formation energies: Σ3 (111) Σ5 (201), each two different GB terminations. Compared to CdTe CuInSe, quaternary semiconductor CZ...

abstracta novel floatation-spectrophotometric extraction method was developed for the recovery of tin (ii) from aqueous samples prior to determination by uv spectrophotometric detection. the method is based on the formation of a complex between tin (ii) and kalmagyte in ph=8. the complex is floated in the interface of n-hexane and aqueous phases. after removing the aqueous phase, the floated pa...

In this paper, we simulated a double junction cell based on top CdS/Cu2ZnSnS4 cell, stacked bottom CdS/Cu2ZnSnSe4 cell. We started by studying the perfomance of solar copper zinc tin selenide Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) absorber. Then, evaluated photovoltaic parameters tandem at optimized thickness sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber where and cells deliver same photocurrent density. achieved A maximum ef...

Titanium nitride (TiN) is one of the most well-established engineering materials nowadays. TiN can overcome most of the drawbacks of palsmonic metals due to its high electron conductivity and mobility, high melting point and due to the compatibility of its growth with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this work, we review the dielectric function spectra of TiN and we...

Electrosynthesis process has been used for preparation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles. Zinc sulfide nanoparticles in different size and shapes were electrodeposited by electrolysis of zinc plate as anode in sodium sulfide solution. Effects of several reaction variables, such as electrolysis voltage, sulfide ion concentration as reactant, stirring rate of electrolyte solution and temperature on p...

Sulfide biooxidation by the novel sulfide-oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. C27, which could perform autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification in mixotrophic medium, was studied in batch and continuous systems. Pseudomonas sp. C27 was able to oxidize sulfide at concentrations as high as 17.66 mM. Sulfide biooxidation occurred in two distinct stages, one resulting in the formation of sulfur...

A kidney tubular basement membrane (TBM) component that is bound by antibodies from individuals with anti-TBM antibody-associated tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was purified and characterized (TIN antigen). TIN antigen was prepared from rabbit TBM by extraction with guanidine and purified by ion-exchange, gel filtration, and reversed-phase chromatography. Based upon yields of protein and an...

TiN thin films were deposited on MgO (100) substrates at different substrate temperatures using rf sputtering with Ar/N2 ratio of about 10. At 700°C, the growth rate of TiN was approximately 0.05 μm/h. The structural and electrical properties of TiN thin films were characterized with x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electro...