Here we report on a generalized theory for scanning electrochemical microscopy to enable the voltammetric investigation of a heterogeneous electron-transfer (ET) reaction with arbitrary reversibility and mechanism at the macroscopic substrate. In this theory, we consider comprehensive nanoscale experimental conditions where a tip is positioned at a nanometer distance from a substrate to detect ...

One of the bio-sensing mechanisms is mechanical. Rather than measuring shift in resonance frequency, we adopt to measure the change in spring constant due to adsorption, as one of the fundamental sensing mechanism. This study explains  determination of spring constant of a surface functionalized micro machined micro cantilever, which resonates in a trapezoidal cavity-on Silicon wafer, with the ...

One of the bio-sensing mechanisms is mechanical. Rather than measuring shift in resonance frequency, we adopt to measure the change in spring constant due to adsorption, as one of the fundamental sensing mechanism. This study explains  determination of spring constant of a surface functionalized micro machined micro cantilever, which resonates in a trapezoidal cavity-on Silicon wafer, with the ...

PURPOSE In rowing ergometry, blood for determining lactate concentration can be removed from the toe tip without the rower having to stop. The purpose of the study was to examine whether sampling blood from the toe versus the earlobe would affect lactate threshold (Tlac) determination. METHODS Ten physically active males (mean ± age 21.2 ± 2.3 y; stature 179.2 ± 7.5 cm; body mass 81.7 ± 12.7 ...

Pollen tube tip growth is a widely used model ideally suited to study cellular processes underlying polarized cell expansion. Local secretion supplying material for plasma membrane (PM) and cell wall extension is essential for this process. Cell wall biogenesis requires fusion of secretory vesicles with the PM at an about 10× higher rate than PM extension. Excess material is therefore incorpora...

Tobramycin powder for inhalation (TOBI Podhaler or TIP) is approved for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A population pharmacokinetic model for tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP) in CF patients was developed to characterize the effect of covariates including body mass index (BMI) and lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s as...

Actin-based cellular protrusions are an ubiquitous feature of cells, performing a variety of critical functions ranging from cell-cell communication to cell motility. The formation and maintenance of these protrusions relies on the transport of proteins via myosin motors, to the protrusion tip. While tip-directed motion leads to accumulation of motors (and their molecular cargo) at the protrusi...

The effect of hydrodynamic loading on the eigenmode shapes, modal stiffnesses, and optical lever sensitivities of atomic force microscope AFM microcantilevers is investigated by measuring the vibrations of such microcantilevers in air and water using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer. It is found that for rectangular tipless microcantilevers, the measured fundamental and higher eigenmodes and...

The development of energy harvesting devices with piezoelectric transducers has been widely studied in the last decade. Most of previous studies considered a resonant cantilever beam with an attached tip mass and focused on the proper modeling of the cantilever device, design and optimization of electric harvesting circuit and nonlinear amplification of resonant vibration amplitude. However, fe...

An enteric duplication cyst presenting as enterocolic intussusception is an exceptional clinical entity. We herein report a rare case of an ileal duplication cyst that manifested as an ileocolic intussusception. A 19-year-old woman was hospitalized due to right upper quadrant pain. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoid mass protruding into the colonic lumen. Ultrasonography demonstrated intussuscepti...