During parturition and lactation, neurosecretory oxytocin (OT) neurons in the hypothalamus achieve pulsatile hormone secretion by coordinated bursts of firing that occur throughout the neuronal population. This activity is partly controlled by somatodendritic release of OT, which facilitates the onset and recurrence of synchronized bursting. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms underl...

This study compared the effects of centrally administered oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) on partner preference formation and social contact in male and female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). After 1 hr of cohabitation and pretreatment with either AVP or OT, both males and females exhibited increased social contact and significant preference for the familiar partner. After pr...

BACKGROUND The testing strategy for Pneumocystis at the Cleveland Clinic changed from toluidine blue staining to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We studied the differences in positivity rates for these assays and compared each with the detection of Pneumocystis in companion specimens by cytology and surgical pathology. METHODS We reviewed the results of all Pneumocystis test orders 1 year be...

An efficient scheme is proposed which achieves the oblivious transfer with probabilistic receipt, α-OT, approximately for 0 < α < 1. The proposed scheme approximates α-OT with 2−i-OT for i = 1, 2, . . . , k. It implements γ-OT for some γ such that (α − 2−k)/(1 − 2−k) < γ ≤ α with − log(1 − α) invocations of 2−1-OT and at most 2 invocations of 2−i-OT for each i = 2, . . . , k. These invocations ...

We present a recently proposed theory of grammar, Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1991, 1993). The principles of OT derive in large part from the high-level principles governing computation in connectionist networks. The talk proceeds as follows: (1) we summarize OT and its applications to UG. The we present (2) learning and (3) parsing algorithms for OT. Finally, (4) we show how cruc...

There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of p‐chloro-o-toluidine from epidemiological studies in humans. Three cohort studies found high relative risks for urinary-bladder cancer among workers exposed to p-chloro-o-toluidine; however, confounding by coexposure to other potential urinary-bladder carcinogens could not be ruled out. Documented human exposure to p‐chloro-o-toluidine has oc...

Prilocaine and lidocaine are classified as amide-type local anesthetics for which serious adverse effects include methemoglobinemia. Although the hydrolyzed metabolites of prilocaine (o-toluidine) and lidocaine (2,6-xylidine) have been suspected to induce methemoglobinemia, the metabolic enzymes that are involved remain uncharacterized. In the present study, we aimed to identify the human enzym...

Oxytocin (OT), a nanopeptide hormone, plays a role in the emergence of maternal behavior, yet few studies examined OT in humans across pregnancy and the postpartum. We followed healthy women at three points: first trimester of pregnancy, third trimester, and first postpartum month. Plasma OT levels showed high individual stability. A third of the sample showed consistent OT levels, whereas othe...

Background: Oxytocin (OT) is a paracrine hormone with various biological activities and many sex organs in both sexes, as well as many tumor cells have shown to have related receptors. In this study the development of a receptor imaging tracer for possible tumor imaging has been described. Materials and Methods: OT was successively labeled with [67Ga]-gallium chloride after conjugation with fre...