BACKGROUND Chinese external therapy (CET) is a topical application with mainly Chinese herb medicine therapy with thousands of years of historical implications and is a clinical routine that is commonly used for relieving joint-related symptoms in patients with arthritis in Chinese hospitals. However, there is a paucity of modern medical evidence to support its effectiveness and safety. Thus, w...

pastes, cream emulsions, gels, and rigid foams. Their common property is the ability to cling to the application surface for a reasonable period of time before they are washed off or worn off. They usually serve as vehicles for topically applied drugs, as emollients, or as protective or occlusive dressings, or they may be applied to the skin and membranes such as the rectal, buccal, nasal, and ...

PURPOSE Topical anesthesia analgesic therapy has diverse applicability in solving the barrier properties of skin and unfavorable physicochemical properties of drugs. Lidocaine (LID) combined with prilocaine (PRI) has been used as a topical preparation for dermal anesthesia for treatment of conditions such as paresthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, for combination anesthesia and over...

Pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are calcineurin inhibitors used for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis. Although structurally similar, they display specific differences including higher lipophilicity and lower skin permeation of pimecrolimus. The aim of the present study was to understand the reason for the differences in skin permeation; in addition, plasma protein binding of the two drugs...

background & aim: aphids are of serious pests and vectors of multitude of viral diseases of field crops, vegetables, ‎and greenhouse crops. they have displayed a remarkable ability to establish resistance to ‎almost every insecticide with which it has been treated. to reduce the damage of these pests ‎and dependence on the sometimes unwise use of synthetic pesticides in crop and vegetable ‎...

Editor We would like to report the use of methotrexate to treat a female patient with refractory, long standing Hailey–Hailey disease (HHD). To our knowledge, this is only the second case report of methotrexate being used to treat this disease. A 42-year-old woman presented to us with active skin lesions affecting both axillae, groins and lateral aspect of neck (Fig. 1) that had an ondulant cou...

Burns expose the deeper tissues of the skin or body to invasive microbes. Topical preparations for treating burn wounds, to be useful, should ideally have antibiotic power and promote healing. Silver compounds have been the mainstay of topical burn treatment for decades. However, most chemical substances retard wound healing. Several natural agents such as honey and moist exposed burn ointment ...

Progesterone products are available in prescription form as well as over-the-counter (OTC) topical preparations sold for "cosmetic" uses. In a randomized study design, the authors compared the drug exposure from an OTC progesterone cream to a Food and Drug Administration-approved oral preparation at the labeled daily doses recommended for each product. Twelve healthy postmenopausal women receiv...

The prognosis of pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma often depends on prompt diagnosis to begin treatment before metastatic progression. We discuss a girl who presented at 8 months of age with virilization, which was thought to be due to exposure to a topical testosterone preparation being used by her father. Her testosterone level did not decrease promptly after her father discontinued the medi...

A 7-year-old boy was brought for evaluation of a rash on the chin that had appeared 2 weeks earlier. It was slightly itchy. The mother had applied a topical corticosteroid for a few days but then stopped because of worsening of the lesion. The erythematous, scaly lesion with a well-defined border on this boy's face is characteristic of tinea faciei. As the lesion spreads peripherally, the cente...