The hyperfield came into being due to a mathematical necessity that appeared during the study of valuation theory fields by M. Krasner, who also defined hyperring, which is related in same way as ring field. and hyperfields, well rings hyperrings, border on each other, it natural problems open questions arise their boundary areas. This paper presents such occasions, more specifically, introduce...

there are dierent ways to code the geodesic flows on surfaces with negative curvature. such code spaces give a useful tool to verify the dynamical properties of geodesic flows. here we consider special subspaces of geodesic flows on hecke surface whose arithmetic codings varies on a set with in nite alphabet. then we will compare the topological complexity of them by computing their topologica...

‎the harmonic index of a connected graph $g$‎, ‎denoted by $h(g)$‎, ‎is‎ ‎defined as $h(g)=sum_{uvin e(g)}frac{2}{d_u+d_v}$‎ ‎where $d_v$ is the degree of a vertex $v$ in g‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎expressions for the harary indices of the‎ ‎join‎, ‎corona product‎, ‎cartesian product‎, ‎composition and symmetric difference of graphs are‎ ‎derived‎.

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The topological ordering algorithm sorts nodes of a directed graph such that the order of the tail of each arc is lower than the order of its head. In this paper, we introduce the notion of covering between nodes of a directed graph. Then, we apply the topological orderingalgorithm on graphs containing the covering nodes. We show that there exists a cut set withforward arcs in these...

based on a complete heyting algebra l, the relations between lfuzzifyingconvergence spaces and l-fuzzifying topological spaces are studied.it is shown that, as a reflective subcategory, the category of l-fuzzifying topologicalspaces could be embedded in the category of l-fuzzifying convergencespaces and the latter is cartesian closed. also the specialization l-preorderof l-fuzzifying convergenc...

let $a$ be an abelian topological group and $b$ a trivial topological $a$-module. in this paper we define the second bilinear cohomology with a trivial coefficient. we show that every abelian group can be embedded in a central extension of abelian groups with bilinear cocycle. also we show that in the category of locally compact abelian groups a central extension with a continuous section can b...

in this paper, we formalize the menger probabilistic normed space as a category in which its objects are the menger probabilistic normed spaces and its morphisms are fuzzy continuous operators. then, we show that the category of probabilistic normed spaces is isomorphicly a subcategory of the category of topological vector spaces. so, we can easily apply the results of topological vector spaces...