following the changes in the paradigm of urban studies in recent years, sustainability has become an increasingly important issue in the neighborhood’s planning and designing. however, this concept has originally been developed for american and european neighborhoods’ planning, it could also be customized for other neighborhoods’. additionally, in the neighborhood scale, the quality parameter f...

Zagreb indices belong to better known and better researched topological indices. We investigate here their ability to discriminate among benzenoid graphs and arrive at some quite unexpected conclusions. Along the way we establish tight (and sometimes sharp) lower and upper bounds on various classes of benzenoids.

Following the changes in the paradigm of urban studies in recent years, sustainability has become an increasingly important issue in the neighborhood’s planning and designing. However, this concept has originally been developed for American and European neighborhoods’ planning, it could also be customized for other neighborhoods’. Additionally, in the neighborhood scale, the quality parameter f...

Cities’ green areas are fragmented patches and often confined to smaller sizes than the higher built-up proportions. Such small-sized can be essential components of infrastructure compensate for biodiversity loss. As a proxy biodiversity, we studied birds in nine small area locations Freiburg eight Regensburg Germany. We investigated neighboring networks (distance nearest water body another are...

The first point here is that convex sets can be separated by linear functionals. Second, continuous linear functionals on subspaces of a locally convex topological vectorspace have continuous extensions to the whole space. Proofs are for real vectorspaces. The complex versions are corollaries. A crucial corollary is that on locally convex topological vectorspaces continuous linear functionals s...

We present a simple method for meshing a 3D point cloud to a manifold genus-0 mesh. Our approach is based on recent methods for spherical embedding of planar graphs, where we use instead a k-nearest neighborhood graph of the point cloud. Our approach proceeds in two steps: We first embed the neighborhood graph on a sphere using an iterative procedure, minimizing the tangential Laplacian. Then w...

Local Tangent Space Alignment (LTSA) algorithm is a classic local nonlinear manifold learning algorithm based on the information about local neighborhood space, i.e., local tangent space with respect to each point in dataset, which aims at finding the low-dimension intrinsic structure lie in high dimensional data space for the purpose of dimensionality reduction. In this paper, we present a nov...

Directed line segments are fundamental geometric elements used to model through their spatial relations such concepts as divergence, confluence, and interference. A new model is developed that captures spatial relations between pairs of directed line segments through the intersections of the segments’ heads, bodies, and tails. This head-body-tail intersection identifies 68 classes of topologica...

A direct limit G = lim G~ of (finite-dimensional) Lie groups has Lie algebra 9 = H m g~ and exponential map exp6 : g ~ G. Both G and g carry natural topologies. G is a topological group, and g is a topological Lie algebra with a natural structure of real analytic manifold. In this Letter, we show how a special growth condition, natural in certain physical settings and satisfied by the usual dir...

Feature selection and description is a key factor in classification of Earth observation data. In this paper a classification method based on tensor decomposition is proposed. First, multiple features are extracted from raw LiDAR point cloud, and raster LiDAR images are derived by accumulating features or the “raw” data attributes. Then, the feature rasters of LiDAR data are stored as a tensor,...