747 1941-Lathyrus sativus peas, spastic paraparesis; the toxic agent was identified to be 1)-JY-methylamino-Lalanine (BMAA); 1953-Guamalian type of Parkinsonism, caused by the seeds of Cycas circinalis; the toxic agent was identified as 1)-JY-oxalylmethylamino-Lalanine (BOMAA); 1948-hexachloraphene encephalopathy; 1950-monosodium glutamate in baby food; 1953-Minamata disease, mercury encephalop...

Examples of toxic cardiomyopathies of various characteristics are presented. Daunomycin and doxorubicin, antineoplastic drugs, cause multifocal cardiomyopathies and intractable heart failure by cardiotoxic mechanisms; these effects are delayed and related to the cumulative dose. Cobalt caused diffuse vacuolar cardiomyopathy in chronic beer drinkers. The development of fulminant heart failure wa...

4-Hydroxyanisole (4-OHA) was administered to C57Bl/lOJ mice in which B16 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma had been implanted s.c. or i.m. The drug had the largest antitumour effect against B16 melanoma growing s.c. and a smaller antitumour effect against B16 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma growing i.m. In the treatment regimens where drug was administered only after tumour implantation, a sign...

history of excessive perspiration three months previously, followed two weeks later by a "sweat rash." She became very fretful, refused her food, and did not sleep. There was marked photophobia. She was admitted to hospital, and kept on sedatives to procure sleep. She took her feeds better, but began to have a temperature; loose motions followed, and eventually she died of gastro-enteritis. In ...

As part of a programme aimed at exploiting lignin as a chemical feedstock for less oxygenated fine chemicals, several catalytic C-C bond forming reactions utilising guaiacol imidazole sulfonate are demonstrated. These include the cross-coupling of a Grignard, a non-toxic cyanide source, a benzoxazole, and nitromethane. A modified Meyers reaction is used to accomplish a second constructive deoxy...

The oxidative coupling of alkylboronic acids with oxygen nucleophiles offers a strategy for replacing toxic, electrophilic alkylating reagents. Although the Chan-Lam reaction has been widely applied in the arylation of heteroatom nucleophiles, O-alkylation with boronic acids is rare. We report a Cu-catalyzed nondecarboxylative methylation of carboxylic acids with methylboronic acid that proceed...

In this article, we develop Markov random field models for multivariate lattice data. Specific attention is given to building models that incorporate general forms of the spatial correlations and cross-correlations between variables at different sites. The methodology is applied to the problem of environmental equity. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model that is multivariate in form, we examine ...

interspecific hybridization occurs among cucurbia species it is commonly used for grafting, yield increasing and production of pest resistant rootstocks. in the present research probability of interspecies hybrid generation among seven lines of cucurbita pepo (p1, p4, p5, p6, p10, p22, p25) and six lines of cucurbita moschata (mo3, mo5, mo6, mo9, mo11, mo12) were investigated. after crossing of...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are ubiquitous plant toxins, many of which, upon oxidation by hepatic mixed-function oxidases, become reactive bifunctional pyrrolic electrophiles that form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross-links. The anti-mitotic, toxic, and carcinogenic action of PAs is thought to be caused, at least in part, by these cross-links. We wished to determine whether the activated PA pyrr...

Introduction. Non-ferrous smelters are one of the critical nanoscale cadmium particles sources in workplace and ambient air. Materials methods. The research was performed to evaluate subchronic toxicity oxide nanoparticles (CdO-NPs) white outbred rats. Male 3.5-month old rats received intraperitoneal injections CdO-NPs 3 times a week for six weeks (18 total) doses 0.25 mg/kg body mass. After en...