The SGI POWER CHALLENGEarray TM represents a hierarchical supercomputer because it combines distributed and shared memory technology. We present two projects, Europort and GeneCrunch, that took advantage of such a configuration. In Europort we performed scalability demonstrations up to 64 processors with applications relevant to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. GeneCrunch, a project ...

Background: Trace elements like iron, zinc, magnesium, cobalt and manganese are some of these elements involved in antioxidant defense mechanism. Many authors observed direct association between trace elements deficiency and the cancer mortality. The study was conducted to measure levels of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd),...

We develop a theory of equivalences for timed systems. Two systems are equivalent i external observers cannot observe di erences in their behavior. The notion of equivalence depends, therefore, on the distinguishing power of the observers. The power of an observer to measure time results in untimed, clock, and timed equivalences: an untimed observer cannot measure the time di erence between eve...

abstract the urmia lake as an important water body in the northwest of iran, recently is faced with a critical level reduction, which makes it important to evaluate the causes. in this regard understanding of the lake's behavior and assessing effect of tele-connections on lake level oscillations is necessary. this subject constructs objective of the present paper that applies the spectral analy...

Dynamic data is data which varies rapidly and unpredictably. This kind of data is generally used in on-line decision making and hence needs to be delivered to its users comforming to certain time or value based applicationspecific requirements. The main issue in the dissemination of dynamic web data such as stock prices, sports scores or weather data is the maintenance of temporal coherency wit...

Trace formulas relate short time dynamics (unstable periodic orbits) to long time invariant state space densities (natural measure). Higher dimensional dynamics requires inclusion of higherdimensional compact invariant sets, such as partially hyperbolic invariant tori, into trace formulas. A trace formula for a partially hyperbolic (N +1)-dimensional compact manifold invariant under a global co...

Complex systems, arising in many contexts in the computer, life, social, and physical sciences, have not shared a generally-accepted complexity measure playing a fundamental role as the Shannon entropy H in statistical mechanics. Superficially-conflicting criteria of complexity measurement, i.e. complexity-randomness (C-R) relations, have given rise to a special measure intrinsically adaptable ...

Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a chemical used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, and must therefore be analyzed for trace metal impurities. The direct analysis of undiluted (20%) NH4OH using ICP-MS is challenging, because its high vapor pressure causes plasma instability. However, dilution of the samples would degrade detection limits, so the ability to directly analyze 20% NH4OH is i...