Abstract Measuring the gas mass of protoplanetary disks, reservoir available for giant planet formation, has proven to be difficult. We currently lack a far-infrared observatory capable observing HD, and most common tracer, CO, suffers from poorly constrained CO-to-H 2 ratio. Expanding on previous work, we investigate if N H + , chemical tracer CO-poor gas, can used observationally measure rati...

We present an updated fuel-based oil and gas (FOG) inventory with estimates of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from natural production in the contiguous US (CONUS). compare FOG aircraft-derived (“top-down”) for NOx over footprints that account ∼25% production. Across CONUS, we find bottom-up combined other anthropogenic is on average within ∼10% top-down emissions. also good agreement trends dri...

ABSTRACT HCN $J = 1\,\!-\!0$ emission is commonly used as a dense gas tracer, thought to mainly arise from with densities ∼104–105 cm−3. This has made it popular tracer in star formation studies. However, there increasing evidence observational surveys of ‘resolved’ molecular clouds that can trace more diffuse gas. We investigate the relationship between density and through post-processing high...

In this research work, hydrodynamic characteristics and gas–liquid mass transfer in a laboratory scale inverse turbulent bed reactor were studied. In order to characterize internal flow in the reactor, the residence time distribution (RTD) was obtained by the stimulus-response technique using potassium chloride as a tracer. Different solid hold-up (0–0.37) and air superficial velocity (2.7–6.5 ...

The effect of estuarine circulation and tidal trapping on mixing in the Hudson Estuary is investigated by a numerical model simulation of a tracer release. The data set used in this study was obtained from a large-scale SF6 tracer release experiment conducted during July/August 2001. It consists of over 2,000 measurements taken over a period of two weeks and distance of 110 km with a typical re...