The observed mass function for all known extrasolar giant planets (EGPs) varies approximately as M −1 for mass M between ∼ 0.2 Jupiter masses (M J) and ∼ 5 M J. In order to study evaporation effects for highly-irradiated EGPs in this mass range, we have constructed an observational mass function for a subset of EGPs in the same mass range but with orbital radii < 0.07 AU. Surprisingly, the mass...

Assume submodels are in exponential family: pm(x, z; θm) = exp { θ m ( φm(x)φ Z(z) ) −Am(θm) } for x ∈ X , z ∈ Zm and 0 otherwise Reformulation of Product EM: Aggregate parameters: b = ∑ m bm, bm = φ X m(x) θm E-step: compute expected sufficient statistics μ = E(b,∩mZm) def = Eq(z;b)φ(z) with support ∩mZm M-step: set θm to match moments φ X m(x)μ Exponential family formulation Two sources of in...

Understanding finite-size effects is one of the key open questions in solving planar AdS/CFT. In this paper we discuss these effects in the AdS5×S string theory at one-loop in the world-sheet coupling. First we provide a very general, efficient way to compute the fluctuation frequencies, which allows to determine the energy shift for very general multi-cut solutions. Then we apply this to two-c...

Optimal firm size and patterns of returns to scale among the local exchange companies in the U.S. telecommunications industry are estimated for the years: 1975, 1978, 1981, 1984, 1987 and 1990. The independent companies display increasing returns to scale, while the Baby Bells display constant or decreasing returns to scale. The independent companies operate at a scale smaller than optimal size...

The term ‘new economy’ is used to refer to two distinct developments. The first is the increasing importance of pure services, particularly those related to information, and the corresponding decline in the importance of the goods-producing sector. The second is the liberalisation of product and labour market and the resulting decline of institutions like lifetime full employment. Although ther...

We consider giant gravitons as probes of a class of ten-dimensional solutions of type IIB supergravity which arise as lifts of solutions of U(1)3 gauged N = 2 supergravity in five-dimensions. Surprisingly it is possible to solve exactly for minimum energy configurations of these spherical D3-brane probes in the compact directions, even in backgrounds which preserve no supersymmetry. The branes ...

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There exist many optical lithography techniques for generating nanostructures on hard, flat surfaces over large areas. However, few techniques are able to create such patterns on soft materials or surfaces with pre-existing structure. To address this need, we demonstrate the use of parallel optical trap assisted nanopatterning (OTAN) to provide an efficient and robust direct-write method of pro...