The speed profile of the train will be determined according to criteria such as safety, travel convenience, and the type of electric motor used for traction. Due to the passengers and cargo on the train, the electric train load is constantly changing. This will require reassigning the speed controller’s parameters of the electric train. For this purpose, the Gravitational Search optimization Al...

The increased application of software-controlled digital electronics hinders the understanding of how things work. The information train is a scientific experiment exhibit that physically demonstrates how computers communicate. It comprises a network in which a model Lego train acts as a physical carrier transferring a picture's pixels from one computer to the other. The sending end computer sc...

In this work we consider the Single Track Train Scheduling Problem. The problem consists in scheduling a set of trains from opposite sides along a single track. The track passes intermediate stations and the trains are only allowed to pass each other at those stations. This problem has a close relation to minimizing the makespan in a job shop scheduling problem with two counter routes and no pr...

Suppose we are given a schedule of train movements over a rail network into which a new train is to be included. The origin and the destination are specified for the new train; it is required that a schedule (including the path) be determined for it so as to minimize the time taken without affecting the schedules for the old trains. In the standard formulations of this single train pathing prob...

For some real world railroad networks, we minimize certain operational cost of train schedules which allow different train types of diverse speed and cost. We use a mixed integer linear programming approach to model this train scheduling problem. For practical problem sizes, it is impossible to directly solve the resulting MIPs within a reasonable amount of time. However, a decomposition approa...

A scenario for trains with autonomous rechargeable energy storage and delivery capability demonstrates the need for unconventional energy management systems. The distributed environment of controls and instrumentation is well suited to network communications even in this EMI rich environment. Network architecture description and benchmark analysis prototypes a control systems capable of meeting...

We consider the area of train control systems like the European Train Control Systems ETCS where several diierent scenarios are considered and accordant software components must interoperate eeectively in order to achieve the desired system behaviour. In order to specify corresponding problems for ETCS high-level Petri net techniques have been identiied as one of the most adequate formal specii...

The problem considered in this paper arose in connection with the rearrangement of railroad cars in China. In terms of sequences the problem reads as follows: contains all the elements of S p(1) , then all elements of S p(2) , : : :, etc., and nally all elements of S p(t). The aim of this paper is to show that the decision problem: \Given numbers n; k and a partition S of f1; 2; :::; ng, is K (...

Several neural codes have been proposed in order to explain how neurons encode sensory information. Here we tested the hypothesis that different codes might be employed concurrently and provide complementary stimulus information. Quantifying the information encoded about natural sounds in the auditory cortex of alert animals, we found that temporal spike-train patterns and spatial populations w...

The nervous system represents time-dependent signals in sequences of discrete action potentials or spikes are identical so that information is carried only in the spike arrival times. We show how to quantify this information, in bits, free from any assumptions about which features of the spike train or input waveform are most important. We apply this approach to the analysis of experiments on a...