BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of 2-dimensional transcranial color-coded sonography (2D-TCCS) as a diagnostic tool in cases of vascular alteration is unquestioned. The skill of the operator, however, may be responsible for some intertrial variability. The clinical value of a new, workstation-based, 3D reconstruction system for TCCS was evaluated in patients with intracranial aneurysms. METHO...

Background and Purpose Transcranial color-coded sonography is a new development in noninvasive cerebral vascular imaging. Reference data using this technique are described. Methods Blood velocities and pulsatility and resistance indices were determined in the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, posterior cerebral, vertebral, and basilar arteries in 115 volunteers after correction for the angle ...

Despite consisting of 2 – 3% of total body mass, the brain accounts for ~20% of the body’s oxygen consumption and therefore must receive significant blood supply to maintain homeostasis (Ainslie & Duffin, 2009). This profound dependency on blood supply belies the brain’s apparent ability to regulate blood supply so tightly. Hence, the brain’s ability to regulate its blood supply has been, and s...

The aim of the study was to determine the specificity and sensitivity of Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD) as a confirmatory test for diagnosis of brain death and to assess the possibility of adding this test to the protocol for diagnosis of brain death in ICU. TCD examination was done in 20 patients (group I) with brain death confirmed either by clinical assessment and EEG (17 patients) or...

Transcranial Doppler can detect microembolic signals which are characterized by unidirectional high intensity increase, short duration, random occurrence, and a "whistling" sound. Microembolic signals have been detected in a number of clinical settings: carotid artery stenosis, aortic arch plaques, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, prosthetic heart valves, patent foramen ovale, valvul...

Transcranial sonography (TCS) is a new tool for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) at a very early state. The TCS image of the mesencephalon shows a distinct hyperechogenic pattern in about 90% PD patients. This pattern is usually manually segmented and the substantia nigra (SN) region can be used as an early PD indicator. However this method is based on manual evaluation of examined ima...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The use of the conventional temporal bone window for transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) often results in difficulties in obtaining angle-corrected flow velocity measurements of the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery, the posterior communicating artery, and the midline venous vasculature because of the unfavorable insonation angle. The same applies t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It is well established from pediatric experience and animal experiments that intracerebral blood can be demonstrated by B-mode real-time duplex scanning. This has recently become feasible in adults as well. The present study investigated the changes in the sonographic appearance of intracerebral hematomas over the course of time. METHODS Starting in May 1991, 23 consecu...