BACKGROUND We determined whether the vascular effects of estradiol depend on the route of administration by comparing the effects of oral estradiol and transdermal placebo, transdermal estradiol and oral placebo, and transdermal placebo and oral placebo on in vivo endothelial function in 27 postmenopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS Endothelial function was assessed from blood flow responses t...

This narrative review reports on the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of rotigotine, a non-ergolinic D₃/D₂/D₁ dopamine receptor agonist approved for the treatment of early- and advanced-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) and moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS). Rotigotine is formulated as a transdermal patch providing continuous drug delivery over 24 h, with a plasma conce...

BACKGROUND Acute neuropathic pain is a common disorder. Transdermal cream could be an alternative to oral medications. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of transdermal Lidocaine and Ketamine for acute neuropathic pain. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review SETTING University-affiliated outpatient Physiatry clinic METHODS ARTICIPANTS: neuropathic pain with a pres...

Sonophoresis can increase skin permeability to various drugs in transdermal drug delivery. Cavitation is recognized as the predominant mechanism of sonophoresis. Recently, a new logical approach to enhance the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery was tried. It is to utilize the engineered microbubble and its resonant frequency for increase of cavitation activity. Actively-induced cavitation ...

Advances in materials science and bionanotechnology have allowed the refinements of current drug delivery systems, expected to facilitate the development of personalized medicine. While dermatological topical pharmaceutical formulations such as foams, creams, lotions, gels, etc., have been proposed for decades, these systems target mainly skin-based diseases. To treat systemic medical condition...

OBJECTIVES To compare patients' preference for transdermal fentanyl or sustained release oral morphine, their level of pain control, and their quality of life after treatment. DESIGN Randomised, multicentre, international, open label, crossover trial. SETTING 35 centres in Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and South Africa. PARTICIPANTS 256 patients (...

OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of serum total testosterone levels (TT) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in men with secondary hypogonadism following initial and chronic daily oral doses of enclomiphene citrate in comparison to transdermal testosterone. To determine the effects of daily oral doses of enclomiphene citrate (Androxal®) in comparison to transdermal testosterone...

Transdermal biosensing focuses on the qualitative and quantitative collection detection of biomarkers in skin layers. In comparison to blood-based diagnosis, transdermal sensing technologies provide pain-free, convenient, patient-friendly, infection-avoiding methods collect biosignals from samples such as interstitial fluid (ISF) sweat. This article summarizes latest trends including their appl...

INTRODUCTION: The age-old theory that imparted the status of “dead, impermeable barrier devoid of biological activity” to skin had already been challenged by the development of pioneering transdermal product, but a less than impressive commercial growth in this sector had raised some doubts about the feasibility of this route as an efficient device of drug delivery. The journey of transdermal r...

Etosom merupakan suatu sistem pembawa berupa vesikel yang lunak dan elastis dengan komponen utama yaitu fosfopilid, etanol konsentrasi cukup tinggi (20-45%), air. memiliki kemampuan dalam meningkatkan penetrasi obat lebih jauh ke kulit dikarenakan adanya kandungan fosfolipid etanol. juga dapat menghantarkan hingga mencapai sirkulasi sistemik sehingga sangat cocok digunakan sebagai diformulasika...