Previous research shows that due to non-facilitative first language (L1) transfer, second (L2) speakers do not develop implicit knowledge of certain grammatical structures. Therefore, the present paper investigates whether L1-Sinhala–L2-English could acquire English object pronouns. To achieve this goal, compares data collected via an untimed grammaticality judgment task (untimed GJT) and oral ...

collocations are one of the areas generally considered problematic for efl learners. iranian learners of english like other efl learners face various problems in producing oral collocations.  an analysis of learners' spoken interlanguage both indicates the scope of the problem and the necessity to spend more time and energy by learners on mastering collocations. the present study specifically f...

doing researches on the arts of rhetoric and oratory which relates to meaning hunting and using it through speech structure has earned, from the ancient periods, the attention of critics and scholars in all over the world, and paying attention to coherent speeches is what can be traced in ancient iran before the arrival of islam. instructive brevities, phrases full of similes and metaphors, elo...

This study examined the relations between reading-related cognitive skills and word reading development of Chinese children with dyslexia in their Chinese language (L1) and in English (L2). A total of 84 bilingual children-28 with dyslexia, 28 chronological age (CA) controls, and 28 reading-level (RL) controls-participated and were administered measures of word reading, rapid naming, visual-ort...

Our study examines the extent to which AfrikaansSpanish bilingual speakers show L1-L2 interactions in the rhythmic properties of their two languages. Eight Afrikaans-Spanish bilingual speakers who live in Patagonia, Argentina read aloud sentences in Afrikaans (their L1) and Spanish (their L2), and ten Afrikaans and eight Spanish monolingual control speakers read aloud sentences in their respect...

Non-LTR retrotransposons such as L1 elements are major components of the mammalian genome, but their mechanism of replication is incompletely understood. Like retroviruses and LTR-containing retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons replicate by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The details of cDNA priming and integration, however, differ between these two classes. In retroviruses,...

_______________________ Research in second language acquisition and reading in particular indicate that certain literacy skills transfer across languages. This study examines the reading strategies used by advanced Korean and Chinese ESL learners. Particular attention is devoted to how word recognition and processing skills developed in learners’ native languages (L1) may influence the type of ...

Recently the studies concentrating on computer assistant language learning (CALL) has been growing in numbers as they offer many advantages that couldn't otherwise be provided by a traditional classroom setting. In addition to popular computer-assisted pronunciation teaching (CAPT) systems, computer-assisted prosody training system is another branch of CALL (Computer assistant language learning...

OBJECTIVE Coinhibitory signals mediated via programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor play a critical role in downregulating immune responses and in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. We investigated the protective potent...

--. 1981. Writing with Power. New York: Oxford University Press. --. 2002. The Cultures of Literature and Composition: What Could Each Learn from the Other? College English 64:533-46. Gerber, John C. 1950. The Conference on College Composition and Communication. CCC I: 12. Harkin, Patricia, and John Schilb, eds. 1991. Contending with Words: Composition and Rhetoric in a Postmodern Age. New York...