The transformer is one of the main pieces equipment in electrical system, being vital importance for delivery energy to consumer centers. Therefore, care must be taken, and these equipment’s carefully protected. One way protect it against internal faults apply differential protection function. response this function analyzed short circuit conditions, which designed, conditions that can cause ac...

The low voltage ride-through (LVRT) requirements demand large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation system remain connected to the grid during faults. It results in considerable impact on characteristics of fault current. This paper combines charge-discharge energy storage (ES) with PV enhance LVRT capability. Based inverter control strategy and specific requirements, current PV-ES is discus...

proper operations of transformer have several issues such as; preventing of unscheduled removal’s, increasing of reliability and continues supply of consumer demand. this result would be obtained that load and harmonic orders of sensitivity transformer at intervals appropriate for next hours and days is predicted to by selecting optimal utilization coefficient, reduction life of transformer is ...

The aim of this work was to prepare hydroxyapatite coatings (HAp) by a sol-gel method on Ti6Al4V alloy and to study the bioactivity, biocompatibility and corrosion protection behaviour of these coatings in presence of simulated body fluids (SBFs). Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analyses (TG/DTA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) have been applied to obtain information about the phase transfor...

The paper proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on AVR micro controller that is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the R...

Power utilities are aware of the specific characteristics and requirements for their network. For this reason, they may require additional functionality from the protective devices and secondary systems included in their power network. Therefore ECEPA requires a number of specific tests to be conducted on the protection system proposed for a particular application to prove the suitability of th...

The knowledge of DC time constants in fault currents at system nodes is important to design the protection system and validate the calculation models for power system simulations. In this paper, we present methods to estimate Thévenin’s impedance and DC time constants in fault currents with application to disturbance records. Additionally, a comparison between both parameters is shown. We demon...