Studies have suggested a link between the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling cascade and the stress-inducible activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). We have demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) lipolysis products activate MAP kinase stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathways resulting in up-regulation of ATF3, pro-inflammatory genes and induction of apoptosis i...

In order to determine if mononuclear cells may be secreting factors capable of modulating fibroblast growth, the in vitro proliferative response of fibroblasts to cytokines known to be secreted by mononuclear cells was measured, using both growth arrested and proliferating cells. Of the cytokines tested, which included interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleuki...

PURPOSE To understand the mechanism of the function of paired box 6 (Pax6), a master regulator of eye development and functions, Pax6-interacting proteins were studied. It is presumed that the interaction of Pax6 with proteins in terms of morphogenesis and the maintenance of the functional anatomy of the eyes cannot be ignored. The interaction of Pax6 with matricellular protein and transforming...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine regulating several immunologic processes, is expressed by virtually all cells as a biologically inactive molecule termed latent TGF-β (LTGF-β). We have previously shown that TGF-β activity increases during influenza virus infection in mice and suggested that the neuraminidase (NA) protein mediates this activation. In the curren...

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide with various biological activities. Recent studies have shown that this and they receptors are expressed in human Leydig cells, Sertoli spermatogonia, spermatocytes sperm cells after birth, involved the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. However, there no report on expression TGF-β embryonic testis. TGF-β1 peptide widely distributed ...

Monolayer cultures of human mesothelial cells made quiescent by serum deprivation are induced to undergo one round of DNA synthesis by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), or transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). This one-time stimulation is independent of other serum components. The kinetics for induction of DNA synthesis observed for PDGF, EGF, ...

PURPOSE To analyze the relationship between transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF- β 2) levels in the anterior chamber aqueous humor and axial length of patients with myopia. METHODS TGF- β 2 was measured with the Luminex xMAP Technology by using commercially available Milliplex xMAP Kits. Sixty-five aqueous humor samples were collected during cataract or clear lens extraction surgery and TG...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling is involved in a vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important throughout life. TGF-β/BMPs have widely recognized roles in bone formation during mammalian development and exhibit versatile regulatory functions in the body. Signaling transduction by TGF-β/BMPs is specifically through both canoni...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways contain both tumor suppressor and tumor promoting activities. We have demonstrated that Nodal, another member of the TGF-β superfamily, and its receptors are expressed in prostate cancer cells. Nodal and TGF-β exerted similar biological effects on prostate cells; both inhibited proliferation in WPE, RWPE1 and DU145 cells, whereas neithe...

PURPOSE To determine the transcriptional regulation of the blood coagulation factor X (FX) in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and whether the effects of FXa on the chemotaxis and expression of angiogenic growth factors are mediated by autocrine growth factor signaling. METHODS Alterations in gene expression and secretion of growth factors were determined by real-time RT...