What are the physical and sensory determinants of perceived transparency? To explore this question, we simulated pairs of physically different neutral density filters on a CRT and asked observers to match their perceived transparency. Matching was accomplished by adjusting one of two physically independent filter properties, reflectivity and inner transmittance. Results show that observers can ...

We provide a multiperiod model of political competition in which voters imperfectly observe the electoral promises made to other voters. Imperfect observability generates an incentive for candidates to offer excessive transfers even if voters are homogeneous and taxation is distortionary. Government spending is larger than in a world of perfect observability. Transfers are partly financed throu...

ABSTRACT The Internet has transformed the nature of business-to-consumer transaction-making practices in many industries. Sellers now attract customers with innovative Internet-based selling mechanisms that can reveal or conceal market information. We define market transparency as the availability and accessibility of information about products and prices. Firms can influence market transparenc...

This paper reviews the literature on texture segregation and texture transparency, and proposes a new account of texture transparency based on the theory of texture segregation. To date, it has been suggested that the perception of transparency might stem from perceptual grouping or spacing effects between texture elements. Based on recent data, this paper argues that texture transparency shoul...