Petri net based models for plants and recipes are presented. The plant consists of processors and a transporting system connecting the processors. Processors are typically resources like reactors and tanks, while the transporting system consists of, for example, pipes, valves and pumps. Starting with these models we synthesize a discrete, modular supervisor which coordinates the concurrent exec...

Background Observations of abnormalities in the diastolic components of intracellular Ca2+ transiPnts in failing human left ventricular myocardium have raised the possibility that reductions in the level or function of sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins involved in Ca2+ transport contribute to the pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. Functional assays, however, have revealed no dif...

Two new hole transporting materials, 2,7-bis(9,9-diphenylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9,9' spirobi[fluorene] (SP1) and 2,7-di(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] (SP2), were designed and synthesized by using the Buchwald-Hartwig coupling reaction with a high yield percentage of over 84%. Both of the materials exhibited high glass transition temperatures of over 150 °C. In order to understand t...

The adult lobster Homarus gammarus is a weak hyper-regulator at low salinity. The objective of this study was to locate the ion-transporting tissues in the branchial chamber of this species, using electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy with a fluorescent vital stain for mitochondria, DASPMI, which is widely used to locate mitochondria-rich cells in ion-transporting epithelia...

Hole-Transporting Materials Spirobifluorene-based hole-transporting materials are fundamental for the next-generation solar cells. In article number 2201108, Luca Vaghi and Fabio Rizzo guide readers through most recent advances on spirobifluorene-based small molecules perovskite organic cells, as well how novel synthetic approaches based spirobifluorene-core must be explored to advance toward n...

Bidirectional flows in a river system can occur under stratified flow conditions and in addition to creating significant errors in discharge estimates, the upstream propagating currents are capable of transporting contaminants and affecting water quality. Detailed field observations of bidirectional flows were made in the Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois in the winter of 2005-06. Using multip...

Systems Biology requires that biological modelling is scaled up from small components to system level. This can produce exceedingly complex models, which obscure understanding rather than facilitate it. The successful use of highly simplified models would resolve many of the current problems faced in Systems Biology. This paper questions whether the conclusions of simple mathematical models of ...

Development of mechanical harvesters have been important research objectives for research scientists in Land-Grant Institutions, in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in private industry in recent years. These developments have resulted in a revolution in mechanical harvesting and resulted in the need for new handling methods for the mechanically harvested crop. Quality of the raw p...

Computer systems in the pipeline oil transporting that the greatest amount of data can be gathered, analyzed and acted upon in the shortest amount of time. Most operators now have some form of computer based monitoring system employing either commercially available or custom developed software to run the system. This paper presented the SCADA systems to oil pipeline in concordance to the Romani...