objective: the ideal time to commence orthodontic treatment is very important. in iran, due to the widely distributed population and low number and uneven distribution of orthodontists, general dental practitioners (gdps) play an important role in proper treatment of occlusal and functional disorders and referring orthodontic patients to orthodontists. the purpose of this study was to assess th...

Introdution Chronic arsenic poisoning in China resulting in endemic arsenicosis in vast areas particular in rural areas, was first observed in the 50’s and subsequently in the late 1970’s and early 1980’s in different localities. In China, chronic arsenic poisoning can be classified into two types based on the sources of arsenic intake into the human body. These are collectively known as Drinki...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of restriction sleep treatment on the quality of sleep in the elders. methods & materials: the study was a quasi-experimental research. the study population consisted of 5000 elders who were members of jahandidegan center of shiraz. sample included 50 elder’s who were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. foll...

statement of the problem malocclusion is a developmental problem, which results in social, psychological and functional problems for patients purpose the aim of this study was to evaluate the need for orthodontic treatment using the index of orthodontic treatment need (iotn) among the 11‒14-year-old students of hamadan schools in 2010 and to find the correlation between dental health component ...

getting old is not a sickness. it is actually a social-personal experience and one of the sensitive and vital stages of human development that is regarded as a normal trend of passing of life. anxiety is among the major problems of senescent period. research shows that the memory of group treatment among the elderly is not only useful but also considered as a type of treatment. this method help...