Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image the internal structure of a rat cochlea (ex vivo). Immediately following sacrifice, the temporal bone of a Sprague-Dawley rat was harvested. Axial OCT cross sectional images (over regions of interest, 1x1 mm-2x8 mm) were obtained with a spatial resolution of 10-15 microm. The osseous borders of the lateral membranous labyrinth overlying the c...

The goal of this research was to determine the impact a pooled and flat stepped spillway on energy losses. FLOW3D, which is computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program, with mesh size 0.015 mm used for purpose. First, code tested against an available experimental model data both water flow depth inception point position. outcome precisely shows agreement laboratory work. Second, dissipation resi...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Menière disease and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss can have overlapping clinical presentation and may have similar pathophysiology. Prior studies using postcontrast 3D-FLAIR MR imaging suggest abnormal blood-labyrinth barrier permeability in both conditions, but the 2 diseases have not been directly compared by using the same imaging techniques. We hypothesi...

Mutations of SLC26A4 are a common cause of human hearing loss associated with enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct. SLC26A4 encodes pendrin, an anion exchanger expressed in a variety of epithelial cells in the cochlea, the vestibular labyrinth and the endolymphatic sac. Slc26a4 (Δ/Δ) mice are devoid of pendrin and develop a severe enlargement of the membranous labyrinth, fail to acquire heari...

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Neanderthal bony labyrinth, a structure located inside the petrous temporal bone. Fifteen Neanderthal specimens are compared with a Holocene human sample, as well as with a small number of European Middle Pleistocene hominins, and early anatomically modern and European Upper Palaeolithic humans. Compared with Holocene humans the bo...

In arid regions, the construction of hydraulic structures is relevant due to shortage water resources. Using example Pskov hydroelectric power station, results calculation end structure energy spillway, made in form a well unique design, are presented. A culvert wall, with an initial expanding part and sloping spillway forming oblique forms well. The depths speeds each parameters jump calculate...

Air-water flow experiments were conducted on some flat and pooled stepped spillways with slopes of 8.9° and 26.6° in transition and skimming flows. The study comprised the observations of the flow patterns, characteristic air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation performances. The air-water flow properties showed some differences in terms of interfacial velocity, bubble count rate, and ...

Ménière's disease with all of its clinical manifestations can be divided into two categories – those symptoms that derive from the cochlea (the anterior labyrinth) and/or those that arise from the vestibular labyrinth or the posterior part of the inner ear. The symptoms that arise from the cochlea include hearing loss, which can be fluctuant and progressive and often is, or tinnitus which can b...