Previous kinematic and kinetic studies revealed that, when accomplishing a whole-body pointing task beyond arm's length, a modular and flexible organization could represent a robust solution to control simultaneously target pointing and equilibrium maintenance. Here, we investigated the underlying mechanisms that produce such a coordinative kinematic structure. We monitored the activity of a la...

In the antennal lobe of the noctuid moth Agrotis ipsilon, most pheromone-sensitive projection neurons (PNs) exhibit a triphasic firing pattern of excitation (E1)-inhibition (I)-excitation (E2) in response to a pulse of the sex pheromone. To understand the mechanisms underlying this stereotypical discharge, we developed a biophysical model of a PN receiving inputs from olfactory receptor neurons...

Phellinus linteus, a mushroom, contains constituents that exhibit potent antitumor effects through activating immune cells. Recently, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of P. linteus extracts have also been implicated. In the present study, therefore, we separated the constituents of mycelium of P. linteus into five fractions-chloroform-soluble (CF), ethyl acetate-soluble (EA), meth...

Levonorgestrel (LNg) is known for its marked progestational/contraceptive activity. As shown in animal experiments, however, high doses of LNg are required to elicit an androgenic response; in contrast, considerably lower doses of LNg are required for antiovulatory (contraceptive) action. Thus, a large dose separation exists between androgenic and contraceptive activity. When LNg is combined wi...

Host-guest chemistry is usually carried out in either water or organic solvents. To investigate the utility of alternative solvents, three different coordination cages were dissolved in neat ionic liquids. By using (19) F NMR spectroscopy to monitor the presence of free and bound guest molecules, all three cages were demonstrated to be stable and capable of encapsulating guests in ionic solutio...

Intrinsic signal optical imaging with red illumination (ISOI) is used extensively to provide high spatial resolution maps of stimulus-evoked hemodynamic-related signals as an indirect means to map evoked neuronal activity. This evoked signal is generally described as beginning with an undershoot or "dip" in signal that is faster, more transient, and weaker compared with the subsequent signal ov...

Triphasic electromyographic (EMG) patterns with a sequence of activity in agonist (AG1), antagonist (ANT) and again in agonist (AG2) muscles are characteristic of ballistic movements. They have been studied in terms of rectangular pulse-width or pulse-height modulation. In order to take into account the complexity of the EMG signal within the bursts, we used a dynamic recurrent neural network (...

OBJECTIVE To determine the EEG findings associated with acute post coronary artery bypass graft encephalopathy (aPCE), and to study the demographics and neuroimaging findings. METHODS We reviewed the EEG in all patients with the diagnosis of PCE between February 2006 and December 2011. RESULTS We identified 21 (20 males, and one female) patients with aPCE. The mean age (+/-SD) was 64 (+/-11...

The triphasic constitutive law [Lai, Hou and Mow (1991)] has been shown in some special 1D cases to successfully model the deformational and transport behaviors of charged-hydrated, porous-permeable, soft biological tissues, as typified by articular cartilage. Due to nonlinearities and other mathematical complexities of these equations, few problems for the deformation of such materials have ev...

In the presence of descending modulatory inputs, the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the lobster Homarus americanus generates a triphasic motor pattern, the pyloric rhythm. Red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) and Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide (CabTRP) are colocalized in a pair of fibers that project into the neuropil of the STG. When the STG was isolated from anterior ganglia...