Background: A longer lifespan and changing lifestyle-related and reproductive risk factors have led to an increased incidence of breast cancer in Brazil. There have been few studies about associations of specific risk factors with molecular subtypes of the disease. The aim of the present study was to identify factors that modulate the risk of triple negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods...

Breast cancer has been redefined into three clinically relevant subclasses: (i) estrogen/progesterone receptor positive (ERþ/PRþ), (ii) HER2/ERRB2 positive, and (iii) those lacking expression of all three markers (triple negative or basal-like). While targeted therapies for ERþ/PRþ and HER2þ tumors have revolutionized patient treatment and increased lifespan, an urgent need exists for identifyi...

INTRODUCTION Serum vitamin D levels measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D have been shown to be low in cancer patients, including breast cancer patients. However, the vitamin D status has yet to be studied in different breast cancer phenotypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2+/ER-, and triple negative comprising the majority of basal-like. CASE PRESENTATION Fifteen triple-negative breast cancer patients...

Commentary on: Active kinase profiling, genetic and pharmacological data define mTOR as an important common target in triple-negative breast cancer Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumor in women. While important advances in this field led to progressive increases in survival, in the metastatic setting the disease remains incurable. Because of this, important efforts are being carri...

Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive tumor subtype, which still lacks specific markers for an effective targeted therapy. Despite the common feature of negativity for the three most relevant receptors (ER, PgR and HER2), TNBC is a very heterogeneous disease where different subgroups can be recognized, and both gene and microRNA profiling studies have recently been carried o...

In contrast to extensive studies on familial breast cancer, it is currently unclear whether defects in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair genes play a role in sporadic breast cancer development and progression. We performed analysis of immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 235 were sporadic breast tumours. This analysis suggested that RAD51 expression is increased during breast can...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype distinguished by negative immunohistochemical assays for expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2) represents 15% of all breast cancers. Patients with TNBC generally experience a more aggressive clinical course with increased risk of disease progression and poorer overall survi...

Tumor heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been the main barrier in conquering breast cancer. To dissect the molecular diversity of TNBC and discover therapeutic targets for TNBC, the molecular classification of TNBC is a prioritized issue in research area. Accordingly, recent studies have been successful in classifying TNBC into several distinct subtypes with specific biol...

Triple negative (TN) breast cancer is defined as cancer with negative expressions of hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This subtype is characterized as a cancer with a high malignancy potential and a poor prognosis. Endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy are ineffective in the treatment of TN breast cancer as they have less specific targets compared with ot...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women. Although the survival rate of breast cancer has improved steadily in the past two decades, over 40,000 women die from breast cancer related complications each year. The heterogeneity of breast cancer makes the treatment of different subtypes difficult (Gonzalez-Angulo et al., 2007; Perez et al., 2010). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is ...