Ahio Leopold, perhaps best known for his revolutioruiry ami poignant essays about nature, was also an eloquent advocate during the 1930$ and 1940s oj the need to maintain wolves and other targe carnivores in forest and range ecosystems. He indicated that their loss set the stage for ungulate irruptions and ecosystem damage througbout many parts of the United States. We have synthesized the hist...

a r t i c l e i n f o The trophic structure of the German Bight soft-bottom benthic community was evaluated for potential changes after cessation of bottom trawling. Species were collected with van-Veen grabs and beam trawls. Trophic position (i.e. nitrogen stable isotope ratios, δ 15 N) and energy flow (i.e. species metabolism approximated by body mass scaled abundance) of dominant species wer...

Introduction Conclusions References

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Jellyfish are highly topical within studies of pelagic food-webs and there is a growing realisation that their role is more complex than once thought. Efforts being made to include jellyfish within fisheries and ecosystem models are an important step forward, but our present understanding of their underlying trophic ecology can lead to their oversimplification in these models. Gelatinous zoopla...

Trophic cascades are regarded as important signals for top-down control of food web dynamics. Although there is clear evidence supporting the existence of trophic cascades, the mechanisms driving this important dynamic are less clear. Trophic cascades could arise through direct population-level effects, in which predators prey on herbivores, thereby decreasing the abundance of herbivores that i...