We call piezoelectromechanical (PEM) truss beam a truss modular beam coupled with a transmission electrical line when the coupling is obtained by piezoelectric actuators which act as bars in the module and as capacitances in the electrical line. The truss module length is assumed negligible with respect to the considered wave lengths. The transmission electrical line is assumed continuously dis...

In this paper we propose an approach to solve multi-objective structural design problem using basic t-norm based fuzzy optimization programming technique. Here a planer truss structural model in fuzzy environment has been developed. In this structural model formulation, the objective functions are the weight of the truss and the vertical deflection of loaded joint; the design variables are the ...

This report documents the results of a survey of current practices and technology for the evaluation and rehabilitation of historic metal truss bridges. It is intended to aid engineers in identifying solutions to typical problems found in older metal truss bridges, including inadequate strength, damage, deterioration, and inadequate height and width. This study included a literature search as w...

This paper introduces an approach based on Artificial Embryogeny for truss design to address the problem of finding the best truss structure for a given loading. In this setup, the basic idea is to optimize the size and length of beams in a truss through the actions of a set of cells that are distributed over the very truss structure. Given information at the mechanical level (beam strain), eac...

During the recent decade, truss optimization by metaheuristics has gradually replaced deterministic and optimality criteria-based methods. While they may provide some advantages regarding their robustness and ability to avoid local minima, the required evaluation budget grows fast when the number of design variables is increased. This practically limits the size of the problems to which they ca...

Deployable trusses that are widely applied in space missions utilize many hinged members to adapt to different geometrical shapes and work conditions. This paper presents two improved finite elements for a link and a bending beam to calculate dynamic characteristics of non-jointed and jointed trusses. First, the axial and transverse wave motion equations of a beam are used to get the shape func...

In this work, the particle swarm optimization method is employed for the reliability-based optimal design of statically determinate truss structures. Particle swarm optimization is inspired by the social behavior of flocks swarms of birds and insects particles . Every particle’s position represents a specific design. The algorithm searches the design space by adjusting the trajectories of the p...