Transformers are essential and important elements of power systems. In the past few years, there has been an increasing concern about the occurrence of turn-to-turn faults in power transformers due to the high costs that unexpected outages cause. It is not always possible to analyze the transformer behavior under such faults under rated conditions, since the tests are largely destructive. There...

In recent years, design has improved with development of manufacturing techniques. Only products that satisfy the consumer survive. Karino [1] has suggested the 3 types of quality based on relationship with physical fulfillment and individual satisfaction of designed objects; 1) Must-be quality, 2) One-dimensional quality, such as usability and operability and 3) Attractive quality, such as ple...