In outcome-selective Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT), stimuli that are predictive of specific outcomes prime instrumental responses that are associated with these outcomes. Previous human studies yielded mixed evidence in respect to whether the PIT effect is affected by a posttraining devaluation of an outcome, with the PIT effect being preserved after a devaluation of a primary reinfo...

In situ groundwater remediation may be achieved using stationary permeable barriers created by the injection of a substrate, such as innocuous vegetable oil, into the contaminated aquifer. The oil provides the electron donor stimulating microorganisms to degrade or sequester many contaminants. At present, little is known about the best procedures to use when injecting oil into an aquifer. In th...

optimization of the isolation methods and utilization of the sugars present in the hydrolysates obtained from pre-hydrolyses of various lignocellulosic materials for production of new chemicals and energy is currently accounted for novel methods of biorefinery all over the world. in this study, effect of temperature (90 and 100 oc), koh concentration (2, 4 and 6 %) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorb...

Light hydrocarbons in water emulsions are formed in many gas refinery wastewaters, and its stability depends on some parameters such as temperature, pH and salinity. In this study, different surfactants have been used to prepare gas condensates in water emulsion along with four surfactant kinds namely, Span 80, Tween 80, CTAB, SDS and Span 80 and Tween 80 mixture. For this purpose,...